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A double stranded nucleic acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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a single stranded nucleic acid Ribonucleic Acid |
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| What is the Passage of Genetic Information Based on? |
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Definition
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| DNA codes for the proteins that drive cells |
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| What is used in the actual creation of proteins? |
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| mRNA is created from DNA using what process? |
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Transcript the Following DNA Strand into RNA GCTACGTGCTA |
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| What is the process in which the mRNA instructs the ribosome to make a polypeptide chain? |
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Definition
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Nitrogenoues Base Deoxyribose in DNA Ribose in RNA and a Phosphate group (PO4) |
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Deoxyribose or Ribose Nitrogenous Base |
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What is this molecule below and where is it found? [image] |
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What is this molecule below? [image] |
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Definition
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| What is the bond between the 5' phosphate group and the 3' hydroxyl group and what does it do? |
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Definition
Phosphodiester Links together all the nucleotides |
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Definition
Five carbon ring joined with six carbon ring Adenine Guanine |
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Definition
a Six carbon ring Cytosine Thymine (DNA) Uracil (RNA) |
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| What are the base pairings? |
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Definition
Guanine-Cytosine Adnine-Thymine (DNA) Adnine-Uracil (RNA) |
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| If one strand has the 5' phosphate on top what is on the top of the other strand? |
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All organisms are composed of cells The cell is the basic living unit of orgonization all cells are derived from an existing cell |
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| All cells have what in common? |
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Definition
plasma membrane DNA cytoplasm ribosomes |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
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| Describe a Prokaryotic Cell |
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Definition
Genetic material is in cytoplasm and not contained consists of only one molecule of DNA has small ribosomes photosynthetic membranes |
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| Examples of Prokaryotic Celled Kingdoms |
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Definition
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| Describe a Eukaryotic Cell |
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Definition
genetic material located in membran bound nucleus numerous molecules of DNA genetic material is organized into chromosomes large ribosomes orgonelles |
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Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia |
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Definition
| Double Phospholipid bi-layer structure wchich contains most of the cell's DNA |
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| What does a chromatin consist of? |
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Definition
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| a condensed form of chromatin |
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| What smaller organelle is located inside the nucleus? |
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Definition
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| What organelle does the Nucleolus Produce |
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Definition
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| How does the nucleus affect protein syntesis? |
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Definition
| It can regulate the amount of mRNA in the cytoplasm |
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| Where does transcription take place? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Generates Polypeptide Chains |
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| Ribosomes can be located where |
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Definition
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| How does a ribosome get to the rough ER? |
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Definition
On the end of the polypeptide chain there is a signal sequence which acts as a zip code a signal recogintion protein (SRP) binds to this signal sequence and "drives" it over to the Rough ER where the polypeptide chain can continue to be produced. |
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Definition
Folds polypeptide chains into fuctional proteins Phospholipid Membrane Production Can also produce glycoproteins (pproteins with a carbohydrate attached) |
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Definition
| Sacks and tubules on the ER and the Golgi Apperatus. |
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Definition
Lipid Production
Detoxifies Poison and Drug Regulate Calcium ions in cytoplasm |
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Definition
| Modifys the Protein folded by the Rough ER |
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| Where does the protein enter the golgi |
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Definition
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| where does a protien exit the golgi |
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| Membrane enclosed vessels that contains hydrolytic enzymes that can break dow fats and proteins etc. |
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| What is the PH of a lysosome? |
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Definition
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| Why will a lysosome destroy old organelles? |
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Definition
| If the organelle isn't fuctioning correctly than the lysosome will destroyit so a new one can be sythesysed. |
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| Site of Cellular Respiration |
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| The formation of ATP (an energy molecule) |
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| How many bilayers are in the mitochondria? |
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Definition
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| What is special about mitochondria? |
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Definition
contain their own DNA and ribosomes can divide by itself |
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| The Combination of the light reaction and the calvin cycle to create Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate |
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| What group of organelles is the chloroplast in? |
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Definition
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Contained in Chloroplast Green Pigment |
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| What is the third membrane system in a chloroplast |
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Definition
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| A stack of thylakoid disk |
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| What is produced by the light reaction? |
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Definition
ATP (Energy) NADPH (Electron Carrier) |
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Definition
| Light enters the chloroplas triggering an charged electron to move around the grana and sending ATP to react with CO2 in the calvin cycle. H2O is also produce by the elctron which is then broken down by the thylakoid disk into H+ and O2, the O2 is released into the air (the oxygen we breath) and the H+ ion is now the next electron. Down in the Calvin cycle the ATP and the CO2 react to form Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate |
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| The site of macromolecule formation in chloroplast. |
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Pair this strand of DNA with its counterpart CTAGGTACCCAGG |
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Definition
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Space found in lysosomes and chloroplast |
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