Term
Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.
- Prokaryotes has DNA inside cell but there is no nucleus.
- Eukaryote has DNA which is packed inside nucleus.
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Definition
The common features/organelles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:
1. DNA 2. Plasma membrane 3. Cytoplasm, 4. Cytosol 5. Ribosomes. |
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Term
Griffith - Hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another “horizontally,” via DNA.
Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of base Pair /that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.
Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist who contributed to understanding of the molecular structures of DNA. |
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Definition
| Difference between plant and animal cells. Cell wall , Plastid, Chloroplast are unique to plant cells. |
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Term
Molecular structure of DNA is Double helix, made up of nucleotides molecules.
What are Nucleotides? Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA;
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base.
The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). |
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Definition
What is cell theory?
Basic units of living bodies are cell. |
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Term
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA by combining complementary bases.
What are the products of DNA replication? The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides. |
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Definition
How are sister chromatids different from homologous chromososmes?
Homologous chromosomes are similar to each other but not IDENTICAL - examples gene for eye color. Colors may be different for mom and dad. That is why they mix and blend at the time of crossing over in Meiosis to give a different shade to offspring eye color.
During cell division each homologous chromosome will duplicate to form a pair of sister chromatids. Sister chromatids result after DNA replication has occurred, and they are identical duplicates of each other. |
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Term
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA by combining complementary bases. |
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Definition
| How are sister chromatids different from homologous chromososmes? Homologous chromosomes are similar to each other - they have the same genetic loci along their length.. But they may have different alleles of the genetic loci. During cell division each homologous chromosome will duplicate to form a pair of sister chromatids. Sister chromatids result after DNA replication has occurred, and thus are identical, side-by-side duplicates of each other. |
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| What is the source of variation in meiosis? Genetic variation can be caused by mutation, random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (reshuffles alleles) |
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Definition
| Compare Mitosis with Meiosis, Mitosis cell divides but maintains the same number of chromosome sets as original cell. Diploid cell dividing to give diploid cells. example your skin cells when they divide to cover a scrape they do by mitosis. Meiosis cell divides but Reduced number of chromosome sets to 1/2 of original cell. This is what happends in sex organ testes and ovaries. |
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Term
Why do cells divide in terms of surface area and volume?
We all know that most all cells are microscopic in size. But why is this? As we all grow, why don’t the cells just get bigger instead of getting more of them?
Cells are limited in size because the outside (the cell membrane) must transport the food and oxygen to the parts inside. As a cell gets bigger, the outside is unable to keep up with the inside, because the inside grows a faster rate than the outside.The surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) is related to cell division in that the bigger a cell gets, the less surface area it has for its size. |
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