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Cell Unit
This is the vocabulary for our Cell Unit section
28
Biology
10th Grade
12/07/2015

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Term
Prokaryote
Definition
type of cell with no nucleus, but it still has DNA
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
type of cell with a nucleus, houses DNA, and has membrane bound organelles
Term
Diffusion
Definition
process of particle going from high to low concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water across cell
Term
Facilitated diffusion/passive transport
Definition
when diffusion doesn’t require energy and goes from high to low concentration
Term
Active diffusion
Definition
requires energy, a carrier protein is needed, and it goes from low to high concentration
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
brings materials into the cell
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
gets rid of material from the cell
Term
Polar
Definition
Heads of the cell membrane are polar and are attracted to other polar molecules (water)
Term
Nonpolar
Definition
Tails of the cell membrane are nonpolar and are attracted to other tail molecules
Term
Marker Protein
Definition
act as name tags; important in organ transplant and important in blood type
Term
Receptor Protein
Definition
act as a key
Term
Channel Protein
Definition
act as a tunnel and are a facilitated diffusion helper
Term
Nucleus
Definition
switchboard of the cell, the brains; contains the nucleolus and chromatin
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
primary energy producers in the cell;powerhouse of a cell
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
boundary between the cell and its environment; controls cellular traffic
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
ridged structure on the outside of the plasma membrane; provides additional support and protection
Term
Chromatin
Definition
strands of genetic material, DNA
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
make proteins, and are bounded to endoplasmic reticulum (makes it rough)
Term
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
transport of protein from ribosomes to where they are needed or to the golgi bodies for export (highway)
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
package material for export from the cell (post office)
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
act as a container, found in both plants and animals, store water and other substances, digestion, waste removal
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
digest things brought into the cell or parts of the cell itself (excess or worn out) like organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses, or bacteria; it has digestive enzymes
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
where photosynthesis takes place, captures light energy and produces food to store for a later time
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
support structure within the Cytoplasm; its made up of tiny rods and filaments that form the framework for the cell and its constantly changing
Term
Cilia and Flagella
Definition
Cilia is for protection and absorption and flagella is movement
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
clear, jelly-like fluid that suspends the cells organelles
Term
organelles
Definition
membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells; "tiny cell organs"; anything but bacteria
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