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Cell Test
list of organelles and their functions
19
Biology
12th Grade
10/03/2014

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Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Bacteria and extremophiles
-no membrane bound organelles
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
Plants, animals, and fungi
-DNA surrounded by nuclear envelope
-has membrane bound organelles
Term
Plasma membrane(cell membrane)
Definition
Phospholipid bilayer
-selectively permiable
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
-contains genes
-surrounded by a double membrane
-Chromatin=DNA + histone proteins
-holds the Nucleolus(ribosome production)
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
creates proteins
FREE-make cytosol protein
BOUND-on rough er make proteins for membrane or export.
Term
Endomembrane System
Definition
Transfer vesicles
includes(nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane)
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Rough-Have ribosomes
-protein put in vesicles and sent to golgi
-Attached to nucleus
SMOOTH- makes oils steroids and phospholipids
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
PAckaging and modeling protein products from the ER
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
-digest food and other things in the cell
- destroy useless organelles
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Food-fuse with lysosomes
Contractile- maintain water/salt balance
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
surrounded by single membrane
kill bacteria
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Produce ATP from sugar
All eukaryotes
Contains its own DNA and Ribosomes
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Produces sugar in plant cells
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Provides mechanical support
-Tubulin microtubles- cell division in cilia and flagella
-Actin microfilaments- role in muscle contraction
Intermediate Filaments- more permanent
Term
Cell wall
Definition
Protection an maintain shape
Term
Tight junctions
Definition
membranes are fused
Term
Desmosomes
Definition
fasten cells together
Term
Gap junctions
Definition
provide channels between adjacent cells
Term
olivia
Definition
perfection:)
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