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Cell Strucutre and Function
Microscope, Plant and Animal cells, and Main Cell Parts
35
Science
8th Grade
10/16/2013

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Term
microscope
Definition
tool that makes things look larger than they really are
Term
lens
Definition
piece of curved glass or other clear material that causes light rays to come together or spread apart as they pass through
Term
cell
Definition
basic unit of structure and function i living things
Term
cell membrane
Definition
thin structure that surrounds a cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
gel-like substance inside the cell where most of the cell's activities take place
Term
nucleus, or nuclei (many nucleus)
Definition
control center of a cell
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
thin structure that surrounds and protects the nucleus
Term
organelle
Definition
small structure in the cytoplasm that does a special job
Term
mitochondrion or mitochodnria (many mitochondrion)
Definition
structure that releases energy for a cell
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
small network of tubes inside a cell that substances move along
Term
ribosome
Definition
small, round structure that makes proteins
Term
Golgi body
Definition
organelle that package and sends materials to other places in the cell
Term
vacuole
Definition
space in the cytoplasm that stores the different substances a cell needs to survive
Term
lysosome
Definition
small, round structure that breaks down nutrient molecules and old cell parts
Term
cell wall
Definition
thick outer layer that surrounds the cell membranes of plants and some simple organisms
Term
cellulose
Definition
carbohydrate, made up of many sugar molecules, that forms most of the cell wall of a plant cell
Term
chloroplast
Definition
organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
green material in chloroplasts that is needed by plants to make food
Term
unicellular
Definition
containing only one cell
Term
multicellular
Definition
containing more than one cell
Term
pseudopod
Definition
fingerlike extension on the cytoplasm
Term
guard cell
Definition
cell that controls the size of a stoma
Term
stoma or stomata (many stoma)
Definition
tiny openings in the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of material from an area where molecules are crowded to an area where they are less crowded
Term
passive transport
Definition
movement of materials through a membrane without the use of energy
Term
osmosis
Definition
movement of water through a membrane
Term
active transport
Definition
movement of materials through a membrane using energy
Term
energy
Definition
the ability to do work or cause change
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
food-making process in plants and other organisms that uses sunlight
Term
glucose
Definition
a simple type of sugar
Term
fermentation
Definition
process by which a cell releases energy from food without using oxygen
Term
chromosomes
Definition
cell parts that determines what traits a living thing will have
Term
chromatin
Definition
threadlike material that makes up a chromosome
Term
mitosis
Definition
division of the nucleus
Term
daughter cell
Definition
new cell produced by cell division
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