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Chapter 7
Cell Structure & Function
48
Biology
9th Grade
10/31/2014

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Term
cell
Definition
the basic units of life
Term
cell theory
Definition
states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of of structure & function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells
Term

cell membrane

[image]

Definition
a thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell
Term

nucleus

(plural: nuclei)


[image]

Definition
brain of the cell
Term

eukaryotes (yoo KAR ee ohts)

[image]

Definition
cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei
Term

prokaryotes (pro KAR ee ohts)

[image]

Definition
cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei
Term

cytoplasm

[image]

Definition
the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Term
organelle
Definition

performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

"little organ"

Term

 

[image]

Definition
storage unit of a cell
Term

[image]

 

Definition
small organelles filled with enzymes
Term
What is the function of Lyosomes?
Definition
break down lipids, carboydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
Term

cytoskeleton

[image]

Definition
helps cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement
Term

microfilaments

[image]

Definition
threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin
Term
microtubules
Definition
hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins
Term
centrioles
Definition
located near the nucleus, help organize cell division, animal cells only, part of cytoskelton
Term
ribosomes
Definition
found throughout the cytoplasm, makes & assembles proteins, Small particles of RNA & Protein,
Term
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition
is where lipid parts of the cell membrane are assembled
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
an organelle which appears as a stack of flattened membranes, puts finishing touches on proteins before they leave the cell
Term
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Definition
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Term

chloroplasts

[image]

Definition
capture the energy from sunlight, convert it into food, cholorphyll photosynthesis, organelle
Term
mitochondria
Definition
power house, organelle, in all eukaryotic cells
Term

cell wall

[image]

Definition
a strong supporting layer around the membrane, Functions: support, shape & protects
Term

lipid bilayer

[image]

Definition
gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell & its surroundings
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
some substances can pass across them and others cannot
Term
diffusion is the driving force behind.....
Definition
the movement of many substances across the cell membrane
Term
diffusion
Definition
the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term

facilitated diffusion

[image]

Definition

the process in which molecules

that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane

pass through special protein channels

 

Term

aquaporins

(ak wuh PAWRinz)

 

Definition

water channel proteins contained in many cells

[image]

 

Term

osmosis

 

Definition

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

[image]

 

Term
isotonic
Definition
same strength
Term
hypertonic
Definition
above strength
Term
hypotonic
Definition
below strength
Term
osmotic pressure
Definition
force that moves water across a semipermeable membrane
Term

homeostasis

(homeo- means "the same")

Definition
maintaining constant internal physical and chemical conditions
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of similar cells that performs a specific function
Term
organ
Definition
a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions
Term
organ system
Definition

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Ex:  the stomach, pancrease & intestines form the digestive system

Term
receptor
Definition
allows cells to respond to chemical changes
Term
RNA
Definition

 

ribonucleic acid

Term

[image]

 

Definition
molecule that translate information from DNA
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
Term

deoxyribonucleic acid

[image]

Definition

the blueprint of life

Located: in cell nuclei


Term

light micropscope

[image]

Definition
uses light and magnifying lenses
Term
electron microscope
Definition

uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen

[image]

Term
For diffusion to occur there must be....
Definition
areas of different concentration.
Term
German botantist Matthias Schleiden
Definition
all plants are made of cells
Term
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
discovered bacteria
Term
German biologist Theodore Schwann
Definition
all animals are made of cells
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