Term
| Based on the structure of their cells, organisms are divided into two groups called... |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes have DNA in the cytoplasm, and do not have a membrane bound nucleus. Eukaryotes contain a membrane bound nucleus. |
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Term
| Name the two parts of a membrane. |
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Definition
| Phospholipid by-layer and membrane proteins. |
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Term
| Cell walls are made of... |
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Definition
| Cellulose fibres embedded in a sugar-protein matrix. |
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Term
| Name a few purposes of the plant cell wall. |
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Definition
| Form protective shape, maintain shape, prevent excessive intake of water, cements to other local cell walls to form rigid structure. |
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Term
| What is the the plasmodesmata? |
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Definition
| Openings that allow communication through the cell wall. |
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Term
| Name the 2 parts of the cytoplasm. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cytosol and what does it contain? |
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Definition
| Semi-fluid gel in the cytoplasm that contains proteins, water and other substances. |
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Term
| The nucleolus is responsible for... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The nucleus's version of the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| What are ribosomes and what are they responsible for? |
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Definition
| Small subunit protein structures constructed in the nucleus that are responsible for synthesizing proteins. |
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Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum made of? |
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Definition
| Complex networks of flattening membrane sacs attached to the nuclear membrane. |
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Term
| The difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is... |
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Definition
| Rough ER contains ribosomes and the smooth ER has no ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and detoxification of drugs and proteins. |
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Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus made of? |
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Definition
| Folded stacks of membrane in the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for? |
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Definition
| Storing, modifying and transporting newly synthesized materials. |
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Term
| The mitochondria produces what? and how? |
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Definition
| ATP by converting high energy glucose molecules in the process of cellular respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Double plasma membranes containing stacks of specialized thylakoid membranes and are surrounded by a stroma. |
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Term
| Chloroplasts are the site for what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane bound sacs which contain enzymes that break down fat, sugar and protein. |
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Term
| Autodigestion occurs to a lysosome when it... |
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Definition
| Leaks into the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Food, cell products and excess fluids in animal cells. |
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Term
| What is the difference in the vacuoles in a plant and animal cell? |
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Definition
| Plant cells contain one large vacuole and animal cells contain very few to none small vacuoles. |
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Term
| The membrane that surrounds the centre vacuole of a plant is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A vesicle is formed by the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process involved for a vesicles main purpose. |
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Definition
| The vesicle transports products by moving from the Golgi apparatus to fuse to the cell membrane to release the product. |
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Term
| Where is a peroxisome found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes that contain toxins which degrade H2O2 are found in what organelle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Single membrane bound sac. |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| Intricate network of fibre like structures. |
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Term
| What two parts is the cytoskeleton made from? |
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Definition
| Microtubules and microfilaments. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| Maintains shape and provides pathways for the transport of materials. |
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Term
| What is a centriole made of? |
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Definition
| 9 sets of triplet microtubules. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the centriole? |
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Definition
| Animal cells use it to organize the nucleus and cytoskeleton during cellular respiration. |
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Term
| What are celia and flagella? |
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Definition
| Long, thin microtubule structures that extend from the surface of animal cells. |
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Term
| The difference between flagella and celia is... |
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Definition
| Celia is shorter and occurs in larger numbers, flagella is longer and occurs in fewer numbers. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the responsibilities of celia and flagella? |
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Definition
| Celia is responsible for feeding and movement, flagella is responsible for strictly movement. |
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