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| The basic units of all forms of life. |
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| All living thins have these, and new cells are made from old cells. Cells are the basic units of structure anf function |
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| A thin, flexible barrier around the cell. |
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| A large structure that contains the cells genetic material and controls the cells activities. |
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| Material inside the cell membrane, but not inclusing the nucleus. |
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| Have cell membranes and cytoplasm, but doesn't contain nuclei. |
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| Do not contain nuclei or have a nucleus. |
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| In addition to a nucleus, a cell membrane, and a cytoplasm, most cells of eukaryotes contains dozens of these. |
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| A Dutch Business man, and became one of the first people to use a microscope to study nature. He created more powerful microscopes for smaller objects. |
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| They divide cells intro 2 categories: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. |
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| He concluded that all animals are made up of cells. |
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| He concluded that all plants are made up of cells. |
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| He proposed that all cells come from existing cells. |
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| The main function of this is to provide support and protection for the cell. |
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| Controls most cell processes and contains the heredity information of DNA |
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| The granular material visible within the nucleus. |
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| Distinct threadlike structures containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to another. |
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| Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as |
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| The nucleus is surrounded by double-membrane layer called |
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| A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. |
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| Hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter |
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| Long thin fibers that function in the movement and supports of the cell; are about 7 nanometers in diameter. |
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| Small particles made of RNA and protein; produce protein by following instruction from the nucleus |
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| The organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified. |
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| Proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum move into a stack of membranes |
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| Small organelles filled with enzymes. |
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| Cells often store materials such as water,salt,proteins, and carbohydrates in saclike structures called |
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| Use the energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis. |
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| Use energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth, development, and movement. These are also organelles. |
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| Contain cell walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Do not contain lysosomes though. |
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| These do not have cell walls or chloroplasts but have Lysosomes. |
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| In the Golgi Apparatus, THESE attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. |
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| Suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are actually the decendants of ancient prokaryotes. |
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| Full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors. |
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| Organelles that are responsible for protecting the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide. |
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| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
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| The organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified; responsible for procuction of hormones. |
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| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
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| Has numerous ribosomes on surface; proteins made from ribosomes are collcected and transported throughout the cell. |
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| A part of the cytoskeleton, each one of these is a ring of 9 groups, and in each one of those groups, are 3 microtubules. |
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| An area in the cell where microtubules are produced. |
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| The core of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called this. |
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| The solution is the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume. |
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| The molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated, to an area where they are less concentrated |
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| When something chooses if a substance can pass by it or not. |
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| Allows water molecules to pass easily through most biological membranes. |
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| This membrane protein is said to facilitate, or help, the diffusion of glucose across the membrane. This process is... |
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| Energy is needed here for transportation. Goes from a lower concentration to a higher. |
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| Doesn't use energy for transportation, and it goes from a higher concentration to a lower. |
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| Is the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. This process if called... |
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| When large particles are taken into the cell by endocytosis. This process is called... |
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| The removal of large amounts of material from the cell. This process is... |
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| In the animal cell and in the plant cell, before Osmosis and after it, the animal cell and plant looks the same. |
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| The animal cell and the plant cell before Osmosis are normal, and after Osmosis they grew a lot bigger and their shape changed a little bit. |
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| The plant and animal cell look normal before Osmosis, But after it they grew a little smaller, and their physical appearance completley changed and look a lot different than how it started. |
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