Term
| What are the three parts of Cell Theory? |
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Definition
| 1. All living things are made of cells; 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things; 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of using a light microscope to look at cells? |
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Definition
| You can look at living cells, and you can see true colors. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of using an electron microscope to look at cells? |
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Definition
| You can view cells at very high magnification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything inside the cell membrane |
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Term
| What are the two components of cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Definition
| The jelly like matrix inside a cell; most cellular processes occur here. |
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Definition
| Specialized structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions |
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Term
| Plasma membrane or cell membrane |
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Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer that controls what enters and leaves the cell. The gatekeeper of the cell. |
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Definition
| Network of long, thin protein fibers that support the cell and help position organelles; microtubules and microfilaments |
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Definition
| Tiny structures that look like dots - where proteins are made. Ribosomes are made of RNA and proteins. They can free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER |
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Definition
| Control center of the cell. Bounded by the nuclear membrane. Contains and protects the chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dark spot in the nucleus; site of ribosome formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane system of interconnected channels, site of protein and lipid production and transport through the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoplasmic reticulum that is covered with ribosomes. Proteins made here are fed into the ER and may be exported out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| ER that does not have ribosomes. Site of drug detoxification; carbohydrate and lipid synthesis |
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Term
| Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Body |
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Definition
| Set of flattened sacs; modifies, sorts and packages proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small transport sacks that carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi to the cell membrane |
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Definition
| Membrane bound structure that can hold water, waste or food. Huge in plant cells but small in animal cells. |
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Definition
| Vesicles found in animal cells that contain digestive enzymes. They can break down waste, food or worn-out organelles |
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Definition
| Found in animal cells; made of microtubules, function during cell division |
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Definition
| Organelle where cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make energy (ATP); has a deeply folded inner membrane |
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Definition
| Organelle found in plant cells; site of photosynthesis; internal membranes called thylakoids contain green chlorophyll |
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Definition
| Shapes, protects and supports the cell, made of cellulose |
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Term
| Cell wall of bacteria cells |
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Definition
| Shapes, supports and protects the cell, made of peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| Short, numerous projections from the cell surface, look like oars, move water over the cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Long projects from the cell surface, used in cell movement |
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Term
| How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles like a nucleus. |
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Term
| What features do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share? |
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Definition
| They both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA in the forms of a chromosome. Bacteria cells have a cell wall made of pepdtidoglycan while plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose. |
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Term
| How do plant and animal cells differ? |
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Definition
| Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplasts while animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles |
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Term
| What is the theory of endosymbiosis? |
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Definition
| The idea that certain organelles arose when larger prokaryotic cells swallowed smaller prokaryotic cells but did not digest them. |
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Term
| What two organelles are cited as evidence supporting the theory of endosymbiosis? |
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Definition
| The chloroplast and mitochondrion |
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Term
| What is the evidence supporting endosymbiosis? |
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Definition
| Both organelles have a double membrane, a small, circular chromosome, their own ribosomes, and they can multiply by splitting in two. |
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Term
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Definition
| They need to maintain a high surface area to volume ratio. |
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Definition
| Made up of microtubules. Found in cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two layers of phospholipids that are made up of two fatty acids chains, glycerol backbone, and phosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows some things to pass through the plasma membrane and keeps some things out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient which requires energy. |
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Definition
| Net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles. |
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Definition
| There is continuous movement but no overall change. |
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Definition
| Uses transport proteins to move small molecules across the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell is in a solution that has the same amount of water and solutes like sugar, proteins etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| The solution has a lower concentration of solutes. More water outside the cell than in. The water will move into the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentration of the solutes is higher outside of the cell than inside. Water moves out of the cell. |
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Definition
| A cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, and brings it into the cell. Uses energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cell gets rid of unneeded substances. |
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