Term
| which cells make 1) basal lamina and 2) lamina reticularis? |
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Definition
1) epithelial cells
2) fibroblasts |
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Term
| what is the difference between exocrine and endocrine cells? |
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Definition
| exocrine: into organ lumen (or outside body). endocrine: into adjacent supportive tissue (secreted product often located basolaterally in secretory cell). |
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Term
| what is a myoepithelial cell? |
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Definition
| a specialized contractile cell on the outside of an acinus |
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Term
1)what is the formula for diffusional flow?
2) define two terms |
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Definition
flow=difference in concentration * conductance
2) ^C=C2-C1. conductance (G) changed by SA of membrane, temperature, thickness of membrane, solubility of solute in membrane, solute size (diffusion limiting) |
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Term
| what is van't Hoff's law? |
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Definition
| pi=cRT, where pi is the hydrostatic pressure needed to counterbalance an osmotic pressure. |
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Term
| what is the nernst equation? |
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Definition
| Ecounter=(60/zion)*log([ionout]/[ionin]) |
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Term
| why is digitalis used to treat hart failure?quick editor |
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Definition
| Inhibits Na/K ATPase. Increasing intracellular Na+ also increases intracellular Ca++ through the Na/Ca antiporter. This leads to greater contractility of the heart. |
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Term
| what is the ratio of ions transported by the Na/Ca exchanger? |
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Definition
| three Na+ in/ one Ca++ out. |
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Term
| give examples of passive and active exo- and endocytosis |
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Definition
passive: simple endocytosis (pinocytosis) and simple exocytosis
active: regulated exocytosis (eg neurotransmitters) and receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Term
| how are tight junction permeability modified? |
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Definition
| Attached actin contracts via myosin to change the junctions, which create semipermeable apical->basolateral barriers |
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Term
| what is the name of the hemidesmosomes, occluding junctions, and adherent junctions together as seen in LM? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the motor protein in a cilium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the type of protein likely to be found on a membrane characterized by basolateral folding? |
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Definition
| Active transport proteins |
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Term
| what are alternate names for the apical and basolateral cell surfaces of a mucus-secreting epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the way that glucose gets from intestinal epithelia to the subjacent CT? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the intestine absorb water? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the pancreatic secretion of HCO3- |
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Definition
1) carbonic anhydrase forms HCO3- and H+.
2) H+ transported basolaterally through Na/H exchanger (2ndary active transport), HCO3- transported out through Cl/HCO3 atpase.
3) Cl- doesn't build up in cell because of Cl- leak channel (CFTR), electric charge doesn't build up in lumen because Na+ follows paracellularly (through ZO!!!!) |
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Term
| what is the name for a neuron-muscle "synapse?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Guillan-barre and M.S? |
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Definition
| M.S. attacks oligodendrocytes, and Guillan-barre causes PNS troubles (demylenation, nodes of Ranvier attack) |
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Term
| What is the difference between Guillan-barre and M.S? |
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Definition
| M.S. attacks oligodendrocytes, and Guillan-barre causes PNS troubles (demylenation, nodes of Ranvier attack) |
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Term
| how many cells are typically present at a synapse? At a neuroeffector junction? |
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Definition
three - pre-/post-synaptic and a glial cell!
Three at a neuroeffector junction too - except a schwann cell offers support |
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Term
| What are the two roles of astrocytes? |
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Definition
1) Maintain chemical environment for neurons - ions and neurontransmitters (these degrade them - thus ALS astrocyte damage causes neuron overexcitation)
2) maintain blood-brain barrier. |
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Term
| what is the source of gliomas |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an epyndymal cell? |
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Definition
| Lines ventricles, is ciliated, makes up the choroid plexus. |
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Term
| what is wallerian disintegration |
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Definition
| axons distal to a lesion disintegrate, though soma may stay intact. This leads to slow distal regrowth from the site of a lesion onwards, limited by slow anterograde transport (1 mm/day) |
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