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Cell Processes Study Guide
Cells
27
Science
7th Grade
11/16/2015

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Cards

Term
The two purposes for making new cells:
Definition
to grow / repair or replace
Term
How do prokaryotic cells divide:
Definition
(bateria) Copies its DNA and splits by a process called binary fission
Term
How do eukaryotic cells divide?
Definition

(plant/animal cells) have pairs of chromosomes called homologous chromosomes

 

Happens in three stages.

Term
Eukaryotic cells happen in three stages:
Definition
  1. DNA copies itself
  2. Nucleus splits evenly - mitosis
  3. Rest of cell splits
Term
Name the phases of Mitosis: (6)
Definition
  1. interphase
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telephascytokinesis
Term
What happens during interphase?
Definition
DNA condenses into chromosomes
Term
What happens during prophase?
Definition
Chromosomes duplicate themselves
Term
What happens during metaphase?
Definition
chromosomes line up in the middle
Term
What happens during anaphase
Definition
chromatids pull apart
Term
What happens during telephase?
Definition
nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
Term
What happens during cytokinesis?
Definition
cytoplasm splits
Term
What is needed for photosynthesis and what is produced?
Definition
sunlight + H2O + carbon dixiode = glucose + oxygen
Term

What is needed for respiration and what is produced?

 

Definition
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water ATP (energy)
Term

What is needed for fermentation and what is produced?

 

Definition
gluecose + some O = O2 + lactic acid (or alchohol)
Term
____________ is what all organisms get energy from
Definition
food
Term
Name the six ways molecules can go from one cell to another.
Definition
  1. diffusion
  2. osmosis
  3. passive transport
  4. active transport
  5. endocytosis
  6. exocytosis
Term
What is diffusion (molecules)?
Definition
movement of molecules through pores in the cell membrane form an area of high concertration to an area of low consentration
Term

What is osmosis (molecules)?

 

Definition
Movement of water through pores in the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term

What is passive transport (molecules)?

 

Definition
movement of molecules through proteins in the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term

What is active transport (molecules)?

 

Definition
movement of molecules through proteins in the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration **requires energy
Term

What is endocytosis (molecules)?

 

Definition
movement of large molecules into a cell by forming a vesicle
Term

What is exocytosis (molecules)?

 

Definition
movement of large molecules out of a cell by forming a vesicle
Term
Why would fermentation occur instead of respiration?
Definition
fermenation occurs when not enough oxygen is available for respiration
Term
What material move from cell to cell in order for an organism to survive?
Definition
food and water
Term
What is the goal of cell division?
Definition
to make an exact copy of the orginal cell
Term
How do prokaryotic cells make more cells?
Definition
binary fission
Term
What is mitosis?
Definition
the stages of cell division
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