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Cell Processes and Heredity
Science Study Vocab Big Test Thursday 4/28
17
Science
7th Grade
04/24/2016

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Term
fermentation
Definition
process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
Term
heredity
Definition
the passing of traits from parents of offspring
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
Term
pigment
Definition
light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun's energy
Term
dominant allele
Definition
an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Term
fertilization
Definition
process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Term
genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity
Term
heterotroph
Definition
organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms for energy and nutrients
Term
heterozygous
Definition
having two different alleles for a trait
Term
meiosis
Definition
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
Term
mitosis
Definition
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
Term
Punnett square
Definition
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Term
autotroph
Definition
an organism that makes its own food
Term
codominance
Definition
a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
Term
purebred
Definition
the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Term
alleles
Definition
different forms of a gene
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