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Cell Processes
cell stuff
19
Science
7th Grade
01/02/2006

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Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
made from elements other than carbon
contain fewer atoms than organic molecules
the source for many elements neeeded by living things
contain nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
most important = WATER
Term
Organic Compounds Found in Living Things Chart
CARBOHYDRATES
Definition
Examples: sugar, starch, and cellulose

Functions: Supply energy for cell processes; form plant structures; short-term energy storage
Term
Chart
LIPIDS
Definition
Examples: fats, oils, waste, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Functions: store large amounts of energy long-term; form boundaries around cells
Term
Chart
PROTINES
Definition
Examples: enzymes, skin, and hair

Functions: regulate cell processes and biuld cell structures
Term
Chart
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Definition
Examples: DNA and RNA

Functions: carry hereditary information used to make protiens
Term
Carbohydrates Continued
Definition
organic
supply energy for cell processes
some are inportant parts of cell structures
Term
Carbohydrates Continued
Definition
organic
supply energy for cell processes
some are important parts of cell structures
Term
Protiens Continued
Definition
made up of smaller molecules called amino acids
building blocks of many cell structures
muscles = lotta protien
scattered through out cell membrane
enzymes = regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
Term
Water Importance
Definition
living things = 50% water
water outside of body cells = 33 1/3%
water inside of body cells = 66 2/3%
Term
Metabolism
Definition
total of all chemical reactions in an organism
the chemical reactins of metabolism need enzymes
Term
Trapping and Using Energy
Definition
enzymes in a cell cause change, but the enzyme is NOT changed and CAN be used again
without the right enzyme, a chemical reaction cannot take place
eace chemical reaction requires a different enzyme
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
producers use light energy to make sugars, which can be used as food
Term
Producing Carbohydrates PART I
Definition
chlorophyll = what makes plants green
most plants that use photosynthesis are green...they contain ^^
Chlorophyll is used in ^ to capture light energy
in plant cells, these pigments can be found in chloroplasts
Term
Producing Carbohydrates PART II
Definition
the captured light from chlorophyll is used to drive chemical reactions during which the raw materials, CO2 and water, are used to produce suger and O2
for plants raw materials come from siol and air
Term
Fermentation PART I
Definition
when cells do not have enough O2 for resparation (see resparation cards part I and II)
begins at cytoplasm
glucose molecules broken down, energy released
Term
Fermentation PART II
Definition
simple molecules from the breakdown of
gluclose DO NOT move into the mitochondria

instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm
Term
Fermentation PART III
Definition
reactions in cytoplasm release some energy and produce waste
depending on the type of cell, the wastes may be lactic acid, alcohol, and CO2
presence of lactic acid is why muscle cells might feel stiff or sore after exercise
Term
Related Processes
Definition
photosynthesis and resparation = what is produced in one is used in another
photo. produces sugars and O2 and resparation uses these
CO2 and H2O produces during resparation and are used during photosynthesis
Term
Breaking Down Carbohydrates PART I
Definition
resparation of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm
carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules
eace glucose molecule is broken down further into two simpler molecules
as they are broken down, energy is released
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