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Cell Physiology
Dr. Fransic
39
Medical
Professional
08/01/2010

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Term
Granulomatous kind of necrosis just means non-bacterial and includes?
Definition
Macrophages and T-cells
Term
Fibrinous Necrosis
Definition
Collagen vascular disease > uremia > TB
Term
Arterial clots asprin as?
Definition
venous clots heparin
Term
In all non-disjunctions the baby dies but if it live it does not grow, this includes?
Definition
All monosomies and trisomies. NB that the most common cause of monosomies and trisomes is cause of non-disjunction. Non-disjunction occurs as a same percentage in both sexes but since the male has more sperm there is alot more non-disjunctions in dad but most likely transmitted from mom cause she keeps her eggs for life.
Term
Turner Syndrome is?
Definition
Cystic Hygroma and coarctation of the aorta (the only one???)
Term
Differential pulses mean?
Definition
Coarchtaion of the aorta
Term
Differential cynosis means?
Definition
That the PDA is still open and cause of the coarctation of the aorta the lower pressure after the coaraction is like a vaccum and so pt looks pink nipple up and blue nipple down
Term
Rib notching is?
Definition
When u have a coarchtation of the aorta and the BV's follow along the underside of the rib (eroding it) to get passed the coarchtation.
Term
Trisomes 13 - Patau Syndrome; Edwards is 18 and Down's is 21. NB that both Patau and Edwards die within the first 3 months thus only Down's pts come see u.
Definition
Because it is a trisomy its going to have extras like: Polydactyly, palate is high-arched, Pee-ing system abnormality, and Protruding abdomen (umfalasiles???)
Term
Edwards
Definition
95% have rockerbottom feet
Term
In Down's the Mcc is non-disjunction but another less common cause is Robertsonian Translocation. When would u suspect the cause to be Robertsonian Transloaction?
Definition
When other family members have Down's aswell
Term
Why do Down's pts have earlier onset of Alzheimer's DZ?
Definition
Cause the tau protein responsible for Alzheimer's Dz is on chromosome 21 and thus they have a triple dose.
Term
Dementia is?
Definition
Loss of cognition (starting with short-term memory loss) and is more chronic vs Delirium which is acute mental status changes (person/place/time)
Term
Lipoprotein E4 is asso. w/?
Definition
Alzhemiers Dz
Term
Which neurotransmitter is decreased in alzhemier pts?
Definition
Ach
Term
Ach esterase inhibitors help Alzhmier pts, T or F?
Definition
T
Term
Down's pts have a higher frequency of AML but...
Definition
...still ALL is the most common leukemia (as with all children)
Term
What is the most common cynotic congential heart defect at birth?
Definition
Transposition of the great arteries. This is true for everyone as the pulmonary artery and the aorta have to switch positions to get to where they are in adult humans so if anyone is born early they will have this. NB that more newborns dont survive the correction procedure thus tetrology of falot takes it place as number 1 after 1 mo
Term
What frequency do ASD or VSDs come in?
Definition
VSDs are always more common then ASDs as septum prima and septum secondum have to develop before the ventricular speptum extends up to connect with the endocardial cushion. Thus: no cushion (ASD & VSD)> VSD> ASD. Also NB that for an ASD that 90% of the time its cause the septum prima didnt decend.
Term
Tetraology of falot is?
Definition
Caused by the over-riding of the aorta which then causes the pulmonary stenosis which then causes the RVH which then causes the shunting of blood through the VSD. NB that Px is determined by the pulmonary stenosis
Term
What happens when you cry?
Definition
Your pulmonary resistance increases!!!
Term
What happens when you swat?
Definition
You kick up the blood in your popiteal that inturn increases the resistance in the aorta which in turn sends blood to ur pulmonary through the PDA (a form of positive reinforcement)
Term
50% of Down's pts have hypothyroidism which inturn gives them?
Definition
Macroglossia
Term
Down's pts also have widely spaced sutures but what is the Mcc for it?
Definition
Poor nutrition makes it hard for the cells to find each other
Term
Double bubble is?
Definition
Duodenal atresia in downs pts where they have a gastric bubble and an duodenal bubble.
Term
What is the Mcc of lower GI obstruction in the first yr of life?
Definition
Hirschsprung's Dz, this is also seen in Down's pts
Term
Klinefelter's is?
Definition
When you have an extra X therefore XXY and so u present with boobs, small balls and penis
Term
Frigile X is?
Definition
Is short and retarded (chromosomally induced) but was compensated with Klinefelter's balls to give him macrochordism (with leads to collagen disorders that could lead to MVP - Mitral valve prolapse)
Term
Antimetabolites
Definition
Cell Physiology 2 time 30mins
Term
Alkylating agents do what?
Definition
Bind to dsDNA and thus are responsible to stopping slow cancers
Term
How can we treat side-effects like nausea, vomiting and diarrhea?
Definition
Serotonin blockers
Term
First sign of irreversible damage is?
Definition
Nuclear damage followed by lysosomal damage (acid hydrolyses - DNAases and RNAases) which can occur if there is too much cytoplasmic calcium that can then sit on the lysosomal membrane and break it down
Term
To prevent Calcium build up in the cell you have a pump push 1 out for every sodium it lets in. So to prevent the cell from swelling up there is a sodium-potassium pump that pumps 3 Na out for every 2 K it lets in. So what organelle is key in keeping this balance?
Definition
The mitochondria as it provides the ATP the pump needs
Term
rER does what to proteins?
Definition
N-actylation
Term
Only collagen is fully modified in the rER, T or F?
Definition
True
Term
Pre protein goes to rER whereas Pro-protein goes to golgi (where post translational modification takes place)
Definition
50 mins I cell Dz
Term
HSP-90 is?
Definition
A chaperone for the golgi. HSP-70 is for the mitochondria
Term
The only pro-protein that is not broken down is for insulin (C-peptide), T or F?
Definition
True
Term
20 mins to save the brain after irreverable damage to the 3 organelles, how much time do u have in all other tissues?
Definition
6 hrs
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