Term
| Granulomatous kind of necrosis just means non-bacterial and includes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Collagen vascular disease > uremia > TB |
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Term
| Arterial clots asprin as? |
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Definition
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Term
| In all non-disjunctions the baby dies but if it live it does not grow, this includes? |
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Definition
| All monosomies and trisomies. NB that the most common cause of monosomies and trisomes is cause of non-disjunction. Non-disjunction occurs as a same percentage in both sexes but since the male has more sperm there is alot more non-disjunctions in dad but most likely transmitted from mom cause she keeps her eggs for life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cystic Hygroma and coarctation of the aorta (the only one???) |
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Term
| Differential pulses mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Differential cynosis means? |
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Definition
| That the PDA is still open and cause of the coarctation of the aorta the lower pressure after the coaraction is like a vaccum and so pt looks pink nipple up and blue nipple down |
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Term
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Definition
| When u have a coarchtation of the aorta and the BV's follow along the underside of the rib (eroding it) to get passed the coarchtation. |
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Term
| Trisomes 13 - Patau Syndrome; Edwards is 18 and Down's is 21. NB that both Patau and Edwards die within the first 3 months thus only Down's pts come see u. |
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Definition
| Because it is a trisomy its going to have extras like: Polydactyly, palate is high-arched, Pee-ing system abnormality, and Protruding abdomen (umfalasiles???) |
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Term
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Definition
| 95% have rockerbottom feet |
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Term
| In Down's the Mcc is non-disjunction but another less common cause is Robertsonian Translocation. When would u suspect the cause to be Robertsonian Transloaction? |
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Definition
| When other family members have Down's aswell |
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Term
| Why do Down's pts have earlier onset of Alzheimer's DZ? |
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Definition
| Cause the tau protein responsible for Alzheimer's Dz is on chromosome 21 and thus they have a triple dose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of cognition (starting with short-term memory loss) and is more chronic vs Delirium which is acute mental status changes (person/place/time) |
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Term
| Lipoprotein E4 is asso. w/? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter is decreased in alzhemier pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ach esterase inhibitors help Alzhmier pts, T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Down's pts have a higher frequency of AML but... |
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Definition
| ...still ALL is the most common leukemia (as with all children) |
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Term
| What is the most common cynotic congential heart defect at birth? |
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Definition
| Transposition of the great arteries. This is true for everyone as the pulmonary artery and the aorta have to switch positions to get to where they are in adult humans so if anyone is born early they will have this. NB that more newborns dont survive the correction procedure thus tetrology of falot takes it place as number 1 after 1 mo |
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Term
| What frequency do ASD or VSDs come in? |
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Definition
| VSDs are always more common then ASDs as septum prima and septum secondum have to develop before the ventricular speptum extends up to connect with the endocardial cushion. Thus: no cushion (ASD & VSD)> VSD> ASD. Also NB that for an ASD that 90% of the time its cause the septum prima didnt decend. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by the over-riding of the aorta which then causes the pulmonary stenosis which then causes the RVH which then causes the shunting of blood through the VSD. NB that Px is determined by the pulmonary stenosis |
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Term
| What happens when you cry? |
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Definition
| Your pulmonary resistance increases!!! |
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Term
| What happens when you swat? |
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Definition
| You kick up the blood in your popiteal that inturn increases the resistance in the aorta which in turn sends blood to ur pulmonary through the PDA (a form of positive reinforcement) |
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Term
| 50% of Down's pts have hypothyroidism which inturn gives them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Down's pts also have widely spaced sutures but what is the Mcc for it? |
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Definition
| Poor nutrition makes it hard for the cells to find each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Duodenal atresia in downs pts where they have a gastric bubble and an duodenal bubble. |
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Term
| What is the Mcc of lower GI obstruction in the first yr of life? |
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Definition
| Hirschsprung's Dz, this is also seen in Down's pts |
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Term
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Definition
| When you have an extra X therefore XXY and so u present with boobs, small balls and penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Is short and retarded (chromosomally induced) but was compensated with Klinefelter's balls to give him macrochordism (with leads to collagen disorders that could lead to MVP - Mitral valve prolapse) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell Physiology 2 time 30mins |
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Term
| Alkylating agents do what? |
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Definition
| Bind to dsDNA and thus are responsible to stopping slow cancers |
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Term
| How can we treat side-effects like nausea, vomiting and diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| First sign of irreversible damage is? |
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Definition
| Nuclear damage followed by lysosomal damage (acid hydrolyses - DNAases and RNAases) which can occur if there is too much cytoplasmic calcium that can then sit on the lysosomal membrane and break it down |
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Term
| To prevent Calcium build up in the cell you have a pump push 1 out for every sodium it lets in. So to prevent the cell from swelling up there is a sodium-potassium pump that pumps 3 Na out for every 2 K it lets in. So what organelle is key in keeping this balance? |
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Definition
| The mitochondria as it provides the ATP the pump needs |
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Term
| rER does what to proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Only collagen is fully modified in the rER, T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pre protein goes to rER whereas Pro-protein goes to golgi (where post translational modification takes place) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A chaperone for the golgi. HSP-70 is for the mitochondria |
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Term
| The only pro-protein that is not broken down is for insulin (C-peptide), T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| 20 mins to save the brain after irreverable damage to the 3 organelles, how much time do u have in all other tissues? |
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Definition
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