Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cell Physiology Exam 1
Methods notecards
25
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/10/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Definition
process to amplify trace amounts of DNA through a cyclical process, useful in Gene cloning, DNA sequencing, Gene expression analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and Detecting infectious and genetic disease disorders.
DNA is heated to separate the two strands, then RNA primer is added and dna polymerase synthesizes the two strands: process is repeated as many times as necessary, giving 2^n DNA molecules
Term
How do you know if cells are happy
Definition
morphology, mitotic index (4-5%), plating efficiency and expression of specialized functions (wether they are differentiated or not)
Term
Cell culture
Definition
single cells, no longer organized as tissues. derived from dispersed cells taken from original tisse
Term
primary cell culture
Definition
derived from an explant tissue, directly from the animal. usually survive for a finite period of time
Term
established/continuous cell line
Definition
a primary culture that has become immortal due to some transformation, most commonly tumor derived or transformed with an oncogen
Term
passage number
Definition
number of successive sub cultures from primary culture
Term
Restriction Enzymes
Definition
A degradative enzyme that recognizes and cuts up DNA (including that of certain phages) that is foreign to a bacterium
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
DNA in which nucleotide sequences from two different sources are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecules
Term
five steps of genetic engineering
Definition
IITTS
Isolation of target gene
Insertion into vector
Transfer into organism
Transform cells in organism
Selection
Term
Southern Blot
Definition
To detect the presence or absence of a specific DNA sequence in a sample of DNA using electrophoresis and probe hybridization.
Term
Northern Blot
Definition
It allows us to observe particular gene expression at the level of RNA during differentiation, morphogenesis, and in abnormal or diseased conditions.
Term
SDS-PAGE gel
Definition
Used to separate proteins based on size and electrophoretic mobility, Can be used to detect the presence of a specific protein. SDS is mixed with protein, incubated to convert to primary structure and give all negative charge. With current, will move towards positive side through gel
Term
Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
Definition
Technique using fluorescent and electrical properties of specific antibodies to separate cells in suspension
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1) cells are the basic unit of life
2) all organisms are composed of cells
3) cells only arise from other pre-existing
Term
All cells have in common
Definition
1)surrounded by semi-permeable lipid membrane (maintain homeostasis)
2)include DNA (for reproduction and protein synthesis
3)are compartmentalized
4) have same basic mechanisms for energy metabolism
5) organization, react to external stimulation, movement, reproduction
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
rRNA synthesis (no membrane)
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
protein, lipid synthesis
Term
mitochondria
Definition
energy production
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
post translation modification, packages and transports proteins
Term
lysosomes
Definition
digestion of waste
Term
peroxisomes
Definition
help break down and protect cell from reactive oxygen species i.e. free radicals
Term
centrosome
Definition
microtubule organization centers [centrioles]
Term
microtubules
Definition
transport already packaged proteins, structure/support, motility, cell division
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
MTs, actin, myosin fibers, intermediary fibers
Supporting users have an ad free experience!