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Cell Part
Identify and name different parts of cell organelles
39
Biology
10th Grade
11/05/2009

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Term
Eukaryotic Cell
Definition
Multicellular - plants and animals with membrane bound structures.
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Double membrane. It is made up of two phospholipid bilayer, containing small nuclear pores for substances to pass in and out of the cell.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
The cell swells and becomes bigger. (Hippo)
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
Process by which the cell membrane will choose what comes in and out of the cell.
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
The movement of particles across the membrane using NO ENERGY.
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of materials through a membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The process of maintaining the cell's environment.
Term
Phospholipids
Definition
Lipids with a phosphate group attached to them.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
"Mighty Mitochondria" Transforms energy into the cell. The heavy weigh of the cell.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Make Proteins. Sites where the cell assembles enzymes and other proteins.
Term
Plastids
Definition
Organelle used for storage of starches, lipids, pigments, etc.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Organelle that contains digestive enzymes to digest excess or worm out organelles., food particles, and engulfed viruses and bacteria.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
"UPS of the cell" This organelle packages and sends proteins to the cell. "Flat Stacks" Flattened system of tubular membranes that modifies the proteins for various areas of the cell.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Membrane bound spaces for temporary storage of food, enzymes, or wastes. Plant Cells = 1 large vacuole; Animal Cells=Many small vacuoles.
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Controls all cell functions - directs the production of proteins. Also, it contains chromatin (strands of DNA) and the nucleolus.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane found in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists. It provides support and protection.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition
Highly folded membrane that is the site of chemical reactions in the cell. Appearance is similar to an accordian.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
Definition
Site of where they make proteins. Where the ribosomes attach.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Definition
Production and storage of lipids.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Organelles that capture light energy and produce food to store for a later time. Made up of a double membrane: Inner: where energy is trapped. Contains chlorophyll: traps energy and gives plans their green color.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Made of tiny rods and filaments that form a framework for for the cell (called microtubules and microfilaments - both made of protein.)
Term
Cilia
Definition
Short, numerous hair-like projections that move in a wave-like motion. Projections can be used for movement and feeding.
Term
Flagella
Definition
Longer projections that move with a whip-like motion.
Term
Grana
Definition
Inner sacs in the chloroplasts that are stacked.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane.
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Concentration of dissolved substances in the solution. it is the SAME in and out of the cell or solution.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration. (Ex. Students at a football game. During the game the concentration of students are off the field, when the team wins, the movement of students move to the field to celebrate.)
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Organelle within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Strands of DNA - genetic material within the nucleus.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Strands of DNA - genetic material within the nucleus.
Term
Prokaryotic Cell
Definition
Unicellular organisms such as bacteria. DO NOT have membrane bound structures.
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Concentration is greater OUTSIDE the cell.
Term
Vesicles
Definition
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
When transport proteins aid in the process of passive transport.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
A cell is surrounded and take in material from its environment.
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
The expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell. (exit)
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