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| Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions in a Eukaryotic cell |
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| Controls the cell's activities. Contains nearly all of the cell's DNA. Granular material called Chromatin- containing DNA bound to protein. |
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| Distinct threadlike structures that contain the genetic info. that is passed from one generation to the next. |
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| Dense center in the nucleus. Assembly of ribosomes. |
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| Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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| No ribosomes. Enzymes assisting synthesis of some lipids and final processing of proteins |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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| Ribosomes on surface. Proteins to be exported from cell produced here |
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| Packs and sorts proteins. |
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| Membrane bound structure-containing enzymes, which break down toxic or unwanted molecules, synthesize lipids, and break down organelles that outlived their usefullness |
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| Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates. In plants, it helps them support heavy structures. Contractile vacuoles push out excess water |
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| Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds easier for a cell to use. (A little DNA in here too.) |
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| made up of microtubules and microfilaments. structure that supports the cell. |
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| in plant cells. Contains chlophyl and enzymes for photosynthesis. (A little DNA in here too.) |
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| hollow structures made of proteins known as tubulins. maintain cell shape, help build cilia + flagella, form centrioles in cell division |
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| threadlike structures made of protein called actin. support the cell and help it move. |
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| all plants are made of cells |
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| all animals are made of cells |
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| new cells can only be produced through the division of existing cells |
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All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells |
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| Basic unit of all life forms. Prokaryote- no nucleus. Eukaryote- nucleus. contain organelles |
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| thin flexible barrier around the cell. regulates what enters and leaves the cells. provides support and protection. contains DNA at some point |
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| material inside of the cell membrane. holds many important structures. |
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| Margulis proposed the theory. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotes. Own DNA. Essential to function of organelle. |
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| Double layer sheet. provides protection and support. forms barrier between cell and surrounding. mosaic membrane containing carbohydrates, proteins, lipids. |
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| movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Does NOT require energy. Equilibrium is when concentration of the solute is the same throughout the solution |
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| Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Water will ALWAYS move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Will move until equilibrium is reached. |
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| Concentration of solute is equal on both sides of membrane |
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| concentration of solute is greater than water |
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| Concentration of solute is less than water |
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| On hypertonic side of membrane. net movement of water into cell. volume increases and cell will swell. not a problem for animal cells- not in contact with fresh water. plants have cell wall to protect |
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| Movement of specific moleciles across a cell membrane through protein channels. Fast and specific. high to low concentration. hundreds of protein channels. NO ENERGY |
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| Movement of materials against concentration gradient. (low to high) requires energy (ATP). transport proteins or pumps found in membrane. calcium, potassium, sodium ions. |
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| forcing contents out of the cell by membrane of vacuole surrounding material |
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| taking materials into the cell by infoldings or pockets of cell membrane. |
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| "cell eating". cytoplasm surrounds particle and packages it in food vacuole |
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| Pockets form along cell membrane filled with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles |
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| cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
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| cells->tissues->organs->organ system. |
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