Term
| endomembrane system: food vacuole |
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system: giant vacuole |
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Definition
| plants only, deals with water, storage |
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Definition
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Definition
| makes sure everything is running |
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Term
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Definition
mitochondria (animal): creates energy through cell respiration through ATP (break down of glucose).
chloroplast (plants only): photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
structural: includes microfiliment, intermediate filament, microtubule.
work together to form cilia and flagella |
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Term
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Definition
cilia = hair.
flagella = tail |
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Definition
plant: cell wall, giant vacuole, chloroplast.
animal: centrioles, flagellum, lysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
example: sodium potassium pump, lungs.
movement of molecules with energy.
low concentration to high (pump)
STEPS: solute binding, phosphorylation, transport, protein reversion |
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Term
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Definition
solute = cell concentration.
results in dynamic equilibrium -> cell stays the same but molecules are still moving in and out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
phosphate group replaces 1 of the fatty acid chains in a triglyceride (not E shape): creates polarity and is attracted to water.
polar head: hydrophilic (likes water).
non-polar tails: hydrophobic (fears water) - can't dissolve in water |
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Term
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Definition
examples: diffusion/osmosis.
movement of molecules without energy |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration until it reaches dynamic equilibrium (moving back and forth at same rate) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion across the membrane with the help of a transport protein. Ex: channel protein and carrier |
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Term
| transport proteins: carrier |
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Definition
molecule specific.
molecule causes it to change shape to let it in. if wrong protein, it won't change shape |
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Term
| transport proteins: simple channel |
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Definition
provides an opening in cell membrane.
not molecule specific.
is size specific |
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Term
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Definition
| require energy. essentially the same (look and function) |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins from outside go inside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main components of the cell membrane |
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Definition
phospholipid bilayer: main component, creates barrier for membrane, distinguishes outside and inside.
cholesterol: modified lipid (steriod), provides fluidity, too much = rigid like. they are spread out...
surface proteins: transport- channel, carrier, pump. signal proteins- glycoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
| too much solute, more solute than cell concentration, results in plasmolysis- cell shrinks |
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Term
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Definition
| too little solute. less solute than cell concentration. results in cytolysis: cell bursts - too full/too much water, with animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
hydrophilic heads go towards water, hydrophobic tails sealed away from H2O = tails are dry.
H2O, O2, and CO2 can pass through barrier without help.
water is inside and outside of cell.
needs 2 layers.
hemogloban keeps oxygen in cells. |
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Term
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Definition
1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMENT - SPECIFIC PATTERNS
2. ENERGY UTILIZATION (METABOLISM) - TRANSFORM ENERGY FORM DIFFERENT USES
3. REPRODUCTION - PRODUCE THEIR OWN KIND
4. order - complex organization and differentiation of cells in the body
5. regulation - mechanisms maintain homeostasis
6. evolution - ability to change over time |
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Term
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Definition
1. cell are the basic unit of life
2. all living things are made up of cells
3. all cells come from other cells |
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Term
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Definition
biggest = nerve and egg cells (visible by naked eye).
light microscope = plant/animal cells, nucleus, bacteria, mitochondrion.
electron microscope - viruses, ribosomes, proteins, lipids, small molecules, atoms |
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Term
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Definition
surface area: body volume.
same volume can have different surface areas |
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Term
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Definition
no nucleus: DNA found in nucleoid - circular DNA.
no membrane bound organelles.
smaller than 1-10 micro meters.
earlier in evolution.
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cilia.
all unicellular.
examples: bacteria, archae |
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Term
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Definition
nucleus: DNA is in the nucleus (stranded DNA).
membrane bound organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi body, lysosomes, ER.
larger (10-100 micro meters).
plants and fungi have a cell wall.
all other things are similar in eukaryotes.
uni and multicellular.
examples: animals, plants, fungi, and protist |
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Term
| common characteristics between plants and animals |
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Definition
| cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, clilia |
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Term
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Definition
nuclear envelope.
chromatin/chromosomes = DNA = genetic make-up, DNA and histones = nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system: rough ER |
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Definition
transport proteins throughout cell.
has ribosomes (produce proteins) which then will enter the RER and then send it to the golgi body |
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Term
| endomembrane system: smooth ER |
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system: golgi body/apparatus |
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Definition
| decides where it needs to go |
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Term
| endomembrane system: chromatin |
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system: lysosome |
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Definition
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Term
| endomembrane system: transport vesicle |
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Definition
| transport materials to golgi body |
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