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| Who was the first to name cells? |
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| Who said that all plants where made of cells? |
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| Who said that all cells come from prexisiting cells? |
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| What are the two parts of the cell theory? |
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1. all living things are made of cells
2. New cells come from pre-existing cells. |
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| The surface area to volume ratio is related to what? |
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| In a cell the surface area relates to the _____ and the volume to the _______ |
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| volume increases at a _______ than surface area |
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| the size of prokaryotic cells is _______ and eukaryotic |
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| 1-10 micrometers, 10-100 micrometers |
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| subcellular structures with a specific function within the cell. |
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| all the living material inside the nucleus |
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| all the material fromthe nuclear membrane to the cell membrane including cytosol |
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| the jelly-like semi-fluid medium in which the organelles are suspended. |
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| What is the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| It is also known as the cell membrane ans it functions as a selective barrier that allows certain substances in and out of the cell |
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Definition
it contains most of the genes that control the eukaryotic cell
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Term
| the inside of the nucleur envelope is lined with ? |
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Definition
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| Nuclear lamina does what? |
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Definition
1. helps maintain shape of nucleus
2. allows for exchange of materials. |
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Definition
| they are found in the nuclear envelope and allow for exchange of substances |
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| threadlike structures found in the nucleus that are composed of DNA and histone protein |
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| chromosome sthat are not formed yet; granular material found in the nucleus made of of DNA and histone protein, |
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| there are ____ chromosome in the average diploid cell "or body cell" |
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| haploid cells have _______ chromosomes |
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| the small round dense body inside the nucleus. animal cells have 1 |
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| what does the nucleolus do? |
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Definition
| the most numerous organelle in the cell |
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Term
| where can ribosomes be found? |
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Definition
| attached to rough ER or in cytosol. the ribosomes attached to the rough er produce a protein that is usually exported from the cell. |
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Definition
| transport vesicles that move protein to the Golgi apparatus. |
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Term
| What is the golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| stacks of flattened sacks, products of the er are modified and stored. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Vesicles move from Er to golgi
2. Vesicles coalesce to form new cis golgi cisternae
3. cisternal maturation- golgi cisternae move in a cis-to-trans direction
4. Vesicles form and leave golgi carrying specific proteins to ohter locations or to the plasma membrane for secretion
5.Vesicles transport specific proteins backward to newer golgi cisternae
6. Vesicles also transport certain proteins back to ER. |
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Term
| er makes _______ a sticky substance that glues animal cells together |
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Definition
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| the golgi apparatus modifies proteins into __________ or ____________ |
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Definition
| glycoprotein ( carb) or lipoprotein ( a fat) |
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Definition
| round organelle with hydrolytic enzyme, they break things down by hydrolisis. they can digest all classes of macromolecules and can link to food vacuoles to digest contents. also, they perform autodigesting in which they open up and completely break down cell. |
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Definition
| it is formed by phagocytosis and fuses with a lysosome to digest its contents. |
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Term
| what is a contractile vacuole? |
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Definition
| it pumps excess water out of cell |
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Term
| what is a central vacuole? |
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Definition
| it is found only in plant cells and is a large storage unit filled with cell sap which is mostly water but also has salts stored food, wastes and sometimes poisons |
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Definition
| the sites of cellular respiration which is a catabolic( break something down in order to release it) reaction |
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| cells with most mitochondria exist where? |
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Definition
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Term
| what three parts make up the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| microtubules,intermediate filaments, and microfilaments |
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Term
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Definition
| 25 nm the thickest and most rigid made of tubulin fibers help the cell maintain its shape |
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Term
| what are intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
| they are 8-12 nanometers and are moderately sized they anchor organelles and are fibrous protein. |
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Definition
| there are not in the plant cell and are used during cell division and are nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring. 9 & 3 |
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Definition
| 7 nm thinnest and most flxible fibers they are made of actin filaments and help the cell maintain its shape. |
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Definition
| a region of the cell located near the nucleus where the ends of the microtubules are located. |
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Term
| the basal body becomes the ? |
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Definition
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Definition
| appendages used for movement |
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Term
| cilia and flagella have the _______ |
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Definition
| 9 & 2 arrangement; nine doublets |
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Term
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Definition
| the junctions in plant cells that are open channels in the cell walla of plants through ehich strand of cytosol pass from adjacent cells. The plasma membrane lines the channels |
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Term
| What are the three different junctions in animal cells? |
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Definition
| tight, desmosomes, gap junctions |
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Term
| what are tight junctions? |
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Definition
| continuous belts around cell membranes of neighboring cells that are fused together forming a seal that prevents breakage. |
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| intestines have what type of junctions? |
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Definition
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Definition
| button like plaques that function like rivets fastening cells together in strong epithelial sheets. ex skin cells |
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Definition
| connections that provide cytoplasmic channels between animal cells specialized proteins lines the pores which allow or movement of salts sugars and amino acids. |
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| muscle cells are an example of what type of junction? |
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Definition
| gap junction because they need rapid flow of ions for contraction. |
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Definition
| aka lucoplasts they hold starch or amylopectin. found in potato cells |
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Definition
| site of photosynthesis. storage structures in plants that contain chlorophyll |
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Definition
| h202 + catalase = h2o + o2 |
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Definition
| they hold all the pigments other than chlorophyll |
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Term
| what is the yellow pigment? the orange? the land plant red? and the aquatic plant red? |
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Definition
| xanthophyll, carotene, anthocyanin, and phycobilins |
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Term
| what do the free floating ribosomes make? |
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Definition
| protein that will mainly remain dissolved in cytosol |
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Term
| what are the three main functions of the smooth er? |
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Definition
| synthesis of lipids. metabolism of carbs, and detoxification of drugs and alc |
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Term
| how does the smooth er detoxify? |
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Definition
| it adds hydroxyl grous (oh-) to drugs and alcohol making them more soluble and easier to flush from body. |
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| the liver starts to _________ after building too many smooth er |
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Definition
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| a network of membraneous tubulous cisternae? |
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