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Cell Death
N/A
35
Archaeology
1st Grade
02/08/2013

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Term
major apoptotic pathways in mammalian cells
Definition
death receptor and mitochondrial
Term
Extrinsic-- only initiated pharmacologically
Definition
death receptor pathway
Term
Intrinsic-- can be induced by drugs, chemicals, etc
Definition
Mitochondrial pathway
Term
on cell surface in death receptor pathway
Definition
TNF, Fas/CD95, TRAIL receptors
Term
housed in mitochondrial; if released bad things will happen (Mitochondrial pathway)
Definition
ROS; Cytochrome C
Term
proteases central to initiation and execution of apoptosis
Definition
caspases
Term
by self or another cysteine protease or caspase
Definition
activation of caspases
Term
caspases 2, 9, 8
Definition
Initiators
Term
caspases 3, 7
Definition
Effectors
Term
propagate death signals in intrinsic pathway; amplify and mediate extrinsic pathway; amplify ROS generation
Definition
Mitochondrial (mediator)
Term
B-cell lymphoma 2 family and Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins
Definition
regulators of apoptosis
Term
only inhibit intrinsic pathway
Definition
Bcl-2
Term
freeze apoptosis at the level of caspases in both pathways
Definition
IAP proteins
Term
currently marketed drugs targeting apoptosis
Definition
TNF receptor antagonists: Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab
Term
drugs targeting apoptosis in clinical trials
Definition
TRAIL receptor agonists, Bcl-2 inhibitors, Bax mimetics, IAP inhibitors, Caspase inhibitors
Term
Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins
Definition
Bax, Bak, Bim, Bad, Bid
Term
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members
Definition
Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1
Term
Result of pathological state (injury, disease)
Definition
Necrosis
Term
response to nutrient deprivation to maintain internal nutrient levels and energy (self-cannabilization)
Definition
Autophagy
Term
characteristic feature of autophagy
Definition
autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm (autophagic bodies)
Term
later stages of autophagy
Definition
chromatin condense, DNA laddering is evident and phagocytosis occurs
Term
has a very important role in the ETC, once it goes outside the mitochondria the cell will die. It does this by becoming a part of a complex called the apoptosome.
Definition
Cytochrome C
Term
Cytochrome C becomes part of a complex called the apoptosome. This apoptosome activates this leading to the progression of apoptotic events
Definition
caspase 9
Term
must be cleaved in order to be activated
Definition
caspases
Term
progression of apoptosis
Definition
activation (procaspase --> caspase); initiator caspases (2, 8, 9); effector caspases (3, 7)
Term
Initiate pore formation in mitochondria=facilitating cytochrome C exit, ROS exit, etc-- pro cell death)
Definition
Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2s
Term
block pore formation in mitochonrida- pro survival)
Definition
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2s
Term
able to freeze apoptosis at caspase level at BOTH pathways; this is why they are unique
Definition
IAP inhibitors
Term
result of pathological state or condition
Definition
Necrosis
Term
in necrosis
Definition
chromatin condenses (but cell does not shrink like in apoptosis) in multiple small clumps --> cell membranes and organelles disintegrate --> leakage of cellular contents resulting in inflammatory response
Term
identifiable by holes in the membrane
Definition
necrosis
Term
REVERSIBLE; we do not know if it is cell death or not or both
Definition
Autophagy
Term
Cell death is toxicant dose related: low dose
Definition
autophagy
Term
cell death is toxicant dose related: medium dose
Definition
apoptosis
Term
cell death is toxicant dose related: high dose
Definition
necrosis
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