Term
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Definition
- Growth
- Replication of DNA
- Preparation for division
Most of a cells life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
- Chromosomes Condense
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Mitotic spindlebegins to form
- Animal cells: centrioles divide
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Term
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Definition
- Chromosomes begin to migrate to cell equator.
- 2 complete spindles at cell poles
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Term
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Definition
- Chromosomes are at metaphase plate
- Spindle attaches to "kinetochore" of chromosomes at centromere
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Term
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Definition
- Chromatids split apart at centromere
- Migration of chromatids to cell poles mediated by the kinetochore
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Term
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Definition
- Chromosomes decondense
- Nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: cell membrane divides
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Term
| Checkpoint and what it does in G1 checkpoint? |
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Definition
The cell cycle is a control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle, 3 major checkpoints G1, G2, M phases.
G1 Checkpoint
- Determines if a cell should replicate its DNA from here cells either enter Sphase or G0
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that have stopped dividing |
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Term
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Definition
"Cyclin-dependent" kinase
- Present in a constant amount
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Term
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Definition
The Cdk "on switch"
- made in an increasing amount as the cell moves through interphase
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Term
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Definition
MPF: Mitosis Promotion Factor
Cyclin + Cdk
- turns on other proteins needed for mitosis
eg. microtuble formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein molecules that are present in varying concentrations during the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half". In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis: but in single-cell eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis is part of the process. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sexual reproduction in which females produce offspring form unfertilized eggs. |
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Term
The proteins that participate in the check-points for cell cycle control are |
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Definition
| Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases |
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Term
| Cancer cells are body cells that |
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Definition
| Have uncontrolled division |
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Term
Chromosomes “decondense” into diffuse chromatin |
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Definition
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Term
Crossing over contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between |
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Definition
| Nonsister chromatids of homologues |
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Term
| Cells that do not divide are usually arrested in |
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Definition
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Term
| One reason that human body cells undergo the process of mitosis is |
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Definition
| To repair damaged tissues |
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Term
| Prokaryotic fission occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
By what mechanism do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information during meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The total DNA content of each daughter cell is reduced during meiosis because |
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Definition
| Chromosomes do not replicate between meiosis 1 and 2 |
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Term
A common form of reproduction in arthropods involves the development of an adult from an unfertilized egg, called |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleosomes are composed of ________ and ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sequence of cell-cycle phase is characteristic of eukaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromosomes contain large amounts of interacting proteins known as |
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Definition
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Term
The uncondensed length of human DNA found in chromosomes is _____, wheras a typical cell is 10
μm in length. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of programmed cell death is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of |
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Definition
| Crossing over during prophase 1 |
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Term
| The two copies of each chromosome in somatic cells are called |
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Definition
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Term
| During what stage of meiosis does random alignment of parental chromosomes that causes genetic recombination to occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes will each new daughter cell have prior to S phase in a cell with 2n =32 chromosomes after it undergoes mitosis followed by cytokinesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what stage of meiotic division does crossing over between homologues take place? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is true about both mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| DNA replication occurs once during interphase befroe cell division starts. |
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Term
| All the followeing processes lead to genetic variety except |
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Definition
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Term
| How many copies of chromosome 18 would you find in one person's skin cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes does a typical bacterial cell contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Meiosis and fertilization are important for the surival of many species because these two processes result in |
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Definition
| Genetic variability of offspring |
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Term
| Which of the following does not occcur during mitotic prometaphase? |
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Definition
| Synapsis of homologous chromosomes |
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Term
If a diploid organism has three pairs of chro-
mosomes (2n=6), how manydifferent combinations
of maternal and paternal chromo- somes can it produce as a result of random assortment? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mitotic spindle is composed of |
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Definition
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Term
What would you call each homologue after it
replicates during the initial phase of mitosis
and the two identical parts of the chromo-
some that remain attached to each other by a
centromere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which event causes chiasmata formation? |
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Definition
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Term
A cell observed under microscope had sister
chromatids still attached to each other, and
the nuclear envelope was fragmenting This cell was most likely undergoing |
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Definition
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Term
| A dividing cell is seen forming a cell plate and reassembling the nuclei in the daughter cells. Which of the followeing is true about these |
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Definition
| Plant cells undergoing telophase andcytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell divison; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. A centrosome has two centrioles. |
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Term
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Definition
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.
One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair. |
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Term
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Definition
| The X-shaped, microscopically visible region where homologous nonsister chromatids have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis, the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. |
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