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Cell Cycle and Cellular Reprod
Cell Cycle
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/08/2009

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Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
Repeating sequences of evemts in eukaryotes that involves cell groth and nuclear division: consists of the stages G1, S, G2, and M
Term
Interphase
Definition

The period between cell divisions when growth. replacement and DNA synthesis occur in preparation for the next division; consists of gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2).



Term
G1
Definition
Cells increase in size, produce RNA and synthesize protein. An important cell cycle control mechanism activated during this period ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis
Term
S Phase
Definition
To produce two similar daughter cells, the complete DNA instructions in the cell must be duplicated. DNA replication occurs during this phase.
Term
G2
Definition
During the gap between DNA synthesis and mitosis, the cell will continue to grow and produce new proteins. At the end of this gap is another control checkpoint to determine if the cell can now proceed to enter M (mitosis) and divide.
Term
M Phase
Definition
Cell growth and protein production stop at this stage in the cell cycle. All of the cell's energy is focused on the complex and orderly division into two similar daughter cells. This pahse is much shorter than interphase, lasting perhaps only one to two hours.
Term
C Phase
Definition
The actual division of the cell and fission of the cytoplasm also called cytokinesis.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Structures in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that consist of DNA complexed with proteins that transmit genetic information (genes) from the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation. 
Term
Chromatin
Definition
A network of fibrils consisting of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells that is dispersed throughout the nucleus during interphase and condensed into chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis.
Term
Homologues
Definition
A pair of chromosomes in which one member of the pair is obtained from the organism's maternal parent and the other from the paternal parent; found in diploid cells.
Term
Homologues
Definition
[image]
Term
Centromere
Definition
A specialized region on each chromatid to which kinetochores and sister chromatids attach.
Term
Centromere
Definition
[image]
Term
Somatic Cell
Definition
A cell that is not or will not become a gamete; the cells of the body.
Term
mitosis
Definition
The division of the cell's nucleus and nuclear material of a cell; consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cell xeroxing. Occurs only in eukaryotes. The DNA of the cell is replicated during interphase of the cell cycle and then segregated during the four phases.
Term
Prophase
Definition
The first stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the centrioles divide and migrate to opposite ends of the cell. 2) The first stage of mitosis and meiosis (although in meiosis this phase is denoted with either a roman numeral I or II) where the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, nucleolus dissolves, nuclear envelope dissolves, and the spindle begins to form.
Term
Prophase
Definition
[image]
Term
Metaphase
Definition
The stage of eukaryotic cell division (mitosis or meiosis) in which the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
[image]
Term
Anaphase
Definition
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to separate.
Term
Anaphase
Definition
[image]
Term
Telophase
Definition
The final stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes migrate to opposite poles, a new nuclear envelope forms, and the chromosomes uncoil. The last phase of nuclear division in eukaryotes when the segregated chromosomes uncoil and begin to reform nuclei. This is immediately followed (in most cases) by cytokinesis.
Term
Telophase
Definition
[image]
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
The division of the cytoplasm during cell division.
Term
Cleavage furrow
Definition
A constriction of the cell membrane at the equator of the cell that marks the beginning of cytokinesis in animal cells. The cell divides as the furrow deepens.
Term
Cell Plate
Definition
In plants, a membrane-bound space produced during cytokinesis by the vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. The cell plate fuses with the plasma membrane, dividing the cell into two compartments.
Term
Diploid
Definition
Cells that contain homologous chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in the cells is the diploid number and is equal to 2n (n is the number of homologous pairs).
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
The method by which bacteria reproduce. The circular DNA molecule is replicated; then the cell splits into two identical cells, each containing an exact copy of the original cell's DNA.
Term
List, in order, the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Definition
  • Interphase
  • G1
  • S-Phase
  • G2
  • M-Phase (Mitosis)
  • C-Phase (Cytokinesis)
Term
Breifly Describe the ways in which the cell cycle is controlled.
Definition
chexkpoints
Term
Distuingish mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Definition
cleavage furrow
Term
state the siginificance of mitosis
Definition
asexual reproduction
Term
explain how cancer cells differ from normal cells and the treatment strategies for cnacer.
Definition
they reproduce faster, checkpoints function properly causing the cell cycle work right because genetic mutation.
Term
Briefly describe the cell cycle in a prokaryotic cell.
Definition
Term
Nucleotide
Definition

Nitrogen-containing molecules which link together to form strands of DNA and RNA.

 

Term
Nitrogen base
Definition

organic compound that owes its property as a base to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom.

 

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine,

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