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Cell Communication
n/a
20
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/14/2012

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Term
Class of enzymes known as ---- removes phosphate groups thus reversing the action of Kinases.
Definition
Phosphatase
Term
Enzymes which add phosphate groups from ATP to proteins are known as protein ----.
Definition
Kinase
Term
Membrane receptors are usually:
Definition
Transmembrane proteins
Term
Small molecules or ions that relay signals inside the cell, are called: --- ---
Definition
Second Messengers.
Term
Name the three subclasses of membrane receptors:
Definition
Enzymatic receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, channel-linked receptors.
Term
Intracellular receptors bind hydro---- Ligands, which easily cross the ----.
Definition
phobic, membrane
Term
membrane receptors bind hydro---- ligands, and cannot cross the ---- easily
Definition
phillic, membrane
Term
Order the steps of signaling via a GPCR as they occur in the cell.
Definition
Receptor binds signal, Activation of G protein, Activation of effector protein, cellular response.
Term
Membrane receptors are usually ---- proteins.
Definition
Transmembrane
Term
Function of G protein - coupled receptors:
Definition
Binding of a singnal to receptor causes GTP to bind a G protein; G protein, wiht attached GTP, detaches to deliver the signal inside the cell.
Term
Example of a G protein -coupled receptor
Definition
Peptide hormones, rod cells in the eye.
Term
Example of enzymatic recepotors:
Definition
Phosphorylation of protein kinases
Term
Example of chemically gated ion channels:
Definition
Neurons
Term
What are the 5 groups in the GPCR family?
Definition
Glutamate, Frizzled/taste 2, adhesion, Rhodonsin, Secretin
Term
In cell signaling, the conversion of the information conveyed by the signaling molecule into a cellular response is know as:
Definition
Signal Transduction
Term
Two compounds that act as second messengers:
Definition
IP3 and DAG
Term
2 basic mechanisms that can inactivate RTK's:
Definition
Internalizaion and dephosphorylation
Term
Signaling molecules exert their effects on cells through signal ---- pathways
Definition
Transduction
Term
What are Mitogens?
Definition
They are agents that, when present, activate MAP-kinases and cause a cell to divide.
Term
Receptor tyrosine Kinases (RTK) regoginze ---- ligands
Definition
hydrophillic
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