Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cell Communication
N/A
19
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/11/2008

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Local Signaling

(2 Types)

Definition

Means of cell communication; two types .. Paracrine (organ) and Synaptic (nerve) Signaling

 

Both use ligands and respective receptor proteins found on the target cell

Term
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Protein
Definition

Membrane recpetor protein whose ligands are typically growth factors....composed of two monomers and when ligands bind responds with monomers dimerizing and autophosphorylation.

 

All tyrosine sites are phosphorylated which in turn causes other proteins to phosphorylate=physical change

Term
Cylic AMP 2nd Messenger
Definition

involves the G-linked receptor protein;

when ligand binds, the GDP is dropped from the G protein and the GTP binds. The G protein then diffuses through the membrane to activating adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. Protein kinase is then instructed to respond, resulting in celluar response

Term
Adenylate Cyclase
Definition

enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP (Cylic AMP)

Term
Target Cell
Definition

specific proteins with a receptor

Term
Reception
Definition

A receptor protein inside the target cell detects and responds to signaling molecule (LIGAND)

 

Once ligand bonds, the protein changes in shape thus transmitting information

Term
Membrane Receptors
Definition

G-protein coupled receptor

 

Tyrosine Kinase

 

Ion Channel

Term
Intracellular Receptors
Definition

found in cytoplasm or nucleus of the targets cells

 

this chemical messenger passes through the cell's plasma membrane

Term
Transcription Factors
Definition

control which genes are turned on/off

(which genes are transcribed into mRNA)

Term
Transduction
Definition

SIGNALS ARE RELAYED

Term

Signal Transduction Pathway

Definition

relay molecules pass on information through signal transduction/shape change (phosphorylation)

Term

Protein Phosphorylation/

Dephosphorylation

Definition
regulation mechanism of protein activity
Term
Kinase Protein
Definition

adds a phosphate

 

transfers phosphate from ATP to protein

Term
Protein Phosphatases
Definition
enzymes that rapidly remove phosphate groups
Term
Second Messengers
Definition
non-protein, water soluble proteins/molecules/ions
Term

RESPONSE

Definition

cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription of cytoplamsic activities

 

AMPLIFICATION

SPECIFY

SCAFFOLDING

Term
Phosphorylation Cascade
Definition

multistepped transduction pathway

 

series of phosphorylation via kinase

Term

Calcium Ion

Secondary Messenger

Definition

requires calcium pump during transduction;

pumps the Ca out of cell and into Endoplasmic Reticulum causing cell to respond (usually in the form of muscle contraction)

 

when completed, Ca is pumped out

 

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