Term
| when does the respiratory diverticulum appear |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the respiratory diverticulum come from |
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Definition
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Term
| what transcription factors determines the location of the respiratory diverticulum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lung bud formation, continued growth and differentation of the lungs |
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Term
| what is the larynx, trachea, and bronchi and the rest of the lung derived from |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue part of the lung derived from |
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Definition
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Term
| initially what is the lung bud in open communication with |
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Definition
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Term
| what seperats the lung bud from the foregut |
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Definition
| caudal expansion: two longitudinal ridges and the tracheoesophageal ridges |
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Term
| when the lung bud seperates from the foregut ridges form, what is the destiny of these ridges |
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Definition
| fuse to form tracheoseophageal septum |
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Term
| what are the divisions of the foregut |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the dorsal portion of the foregut |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the ventral portion of the foregut |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the respiratory primordium |
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Definition
| maintains the communication with the pharynx through the larengeal oriface |
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Term
| where does the internal lining of the larynx originate from |
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Definition
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Term
| where do the cartilages and muscles of the larynx originate from |
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Definition
| mesenchyme of 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches |
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Term
| as the mesenchyme of the cartilages and muscles of the larynx proliferate what happens |
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Definition
| at the laryngeal orifaces it changes from a saggital slit to a T shape |
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Term
| when the cartilages of the larynx are forming, what happens to the epithelium? what does this cause to happen? |
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Definition
| it proliferates rapidly and occludes the lumen |
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Term
| what produces the laryngeal ventricles |
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Definition
| vacuolization and recanalization |
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Term
| what are the laryngeal ventricles bound by |
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Definition
| folds of tissue that become false and true vocal cords |
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Term
| what are the laryngeal muscles innervated by |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the laryngeal muscles does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the laryngeal muscles does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the lung buds form |
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Definition
| trachea and two lateral optpocketings called bronchial buds |
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Term
| what do the bronchial buds form |
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Definition
| right and left main bronchi |
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Term
| what does the right main bronchi form |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the left main bronchi form |
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Definition
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Term
| in what fashion do secondary bronchi divide |
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Definition
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Term
| what do secondary bronchi divide to form |
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Definition
| tertiary or segmental bronchi, creating the bronchopulmonary segments |
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Term
| how many subdivisions of the bronchi are formed by the end of the 6th month |
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Definition
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Term
| how many subdivisions of the bronchi form in post natal life |
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Definition
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Term
| what is branching of the bronchi regulated by |
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Definition
| interactions between endoderm of the lung buds and the splanchnic mesoderm surrounding them. the signals coming from the mesoderm involved fibroblast growth factor family |
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Term
| in what directions do the lung buds expand into the body cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the pericardioperitoneal canals |
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Definition
| spaces on each side of the foregut that the plural cavity expands into |
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Term
| what seperates the folds of the pericardioperitoneal canals |
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Definition
| pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial |
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Term
| what are the folds of the pericardioperitoneal canals seperate into |
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Definition
| peritoneal, pericardial, and primitive pleural cavities |
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Term
| what makes the visceral pleura |
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Definition
| mesoderm on the outside of the lung |
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Term
| what makes the parietal pleura |
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Definition
| somato mesoderm covering the inside of the body wall |
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Term
| at what month do the bronchi stop dividing, what is also occuring during the divisions |
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Definition
| month 7, vascular supply increases |
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Term
| what initially makes respiration possible |
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Definition
| some of the bronchiole lining cells become flat and associate with blood capillaries making terminal sacs or primitive aveoli |
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Term
| at what month is there enough terminal sacs to provide adequate gas exchange for an infant to be born prematurly |
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Definition
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Term
| what in the lungs is still proliferating and maturing in the last 2 prenatal months |
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Definition
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Term
| how do terminal sacs mature in structure |
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Definition
| epithelium becoems thinner forming type 1 aveoli, associated capillaries protrude form the wall of the sacs, this contact allows formation of the blood-air barrier |
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Term
| when do mature aveoli appear |
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Definition
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Term
| what aveolar cells become present in month 6 |
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Definition
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Term
| when does surfactant production significantly increase |
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Definition
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Term
| how can you tell if surfactant is being produced in a fetus |
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Definition
| it can be seen in the amniotic fluid |
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Term
| when do fetal breathing movements appear |
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Definition
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Term
| what do pre birth fetal breathing movements cause |
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Definition
| aspiration of amniotic fluid |
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Term
| what does aspiration of amniotic fluid provide for the fetus |
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Definition
| stimulates lung development, conditions breathing muscles |
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Term
| what happens to the surfactant just before birth |
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Definition
| most of it is resorbed into the blood and lymphatics |
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Term
| what part of the lungs grows after birth |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles and aveoli |
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Term
| what fraction of adult aveoli are present at birth |
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Definition
|
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Term
| at what age do aveoli stop forming |
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Definition
| 10 yrs, later there is continous formation of new primitive aveoli |
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Term
| what causes esophageal atresia and teacheoesophageal fistulas |
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Definition
| abnormalities in partitioning of the esophagus and trachea by the tracheoesophageal septum |
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Term
| what other defects are esophageal atresia and teacheoesophageal fistulas associated with |
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Definition
| cardiac abnormalities, vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, esophageal atresia, renal abnormalities, limb defects, tracheoesophageal fistulas, polyhydraminos, gastric contents in the trachea and lungs (pneumonitis, pneumonia) |
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Term
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Definition
| aminotic fluid may not pass into the stomach |
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Term
| what is the most common development in esophageal atresia |
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Definition
| esophagus has a dead end, trachea connects to stomach |
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Term
| what are the complications with the most common form of esophageal atresia |
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Definition
| esophagus fills during nursing and they baby spits it up, gastric juices can enter into the airway leading to chemical damage |
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Term
| what are the ways the trachea can develop in esophageal atresia |
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Definition
| most common, H type, isolated, esophagus connects to trachea nothing connected to stomach, esophagus enters trachea but has a seperate exit from it to stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| esophagus is complete but has a little part connected to trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| esophagus has no assication with trachea but has two dead ends with no way to get to stomach |
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Term
| what occurs during a diaphragmatic hernia |
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Definition
| pluraperitoneal folds and pleura do not close allowing abdominal contents to move into pleural cavity compressing lung and pushing heart and mediastinum to the side leading to pulmnary hypoplasia (poor lung development) |
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