Term
| in regards to muscle development what does the paraxial mesoderm form |
|
Definition
| somites and 7 somatomeres |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development where are the somatomeres located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what are the somatomeres made of, what do the look like |
|
Definition
| whorls of mesenchyme partially segmented |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what do somatomeres make |
|
Definition
| voluntary muscles of the head: tounge, extraoccular, muscles associated with pharyngeal arches |
|
|
Term
| what is the formation of the musches the somatomeres make regulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development where are the somites located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what do the somites make |
|
Definition
| axial skeleton, body wall, limbs, occipital to tail bud, some voluntary head muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the formation of voluntary head muscles by the somites regulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first thing that happens to somites when it is making muscle |
|
Definition
| epithelization: makes epithelial ball with a cavity |
|
|
Term
| what are the two regions of the somites that make muscle |
|
Definition
| ventral, upper, dorsalmedial lip, ventromedial lip |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what does the ventral region of the somite make |
|
Definition
| scleratome (mesenchyme) that turns into vertebral and rib muscles |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what does the dorsal region of the somite make |
|
Definition
| dermatome then progenertor muscles then dermytome |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what do the dorsomedial and ventrolateral lips make |
|
Definition
| 2 progenrator muscles, then dermytome |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what does the ectoderm make |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle (sweat glands, papillary, mammary galnds) |
|
|
Term
| in regards to muscle development what do the splanchnic mesoderm make |
|
Definition
| some smooth muscle, cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
| where are the splanchnic mesoderm that make heart muscle located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the splanchnic mesoderm cells located |
|
Definition
| around gut and derivatives of the gut |
|
|
Term
| begining with a precursor cell, describe the process of the creation of skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| precursor cell > myoblasts > myoblasts fuse into multinucleate muscle fibers > myofilaments appear in cytoplasm > striations visible |
|
|
Term
| what month do striations become visible in skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somitomere that isnt well organized |
|
|
Term
| where is the somitomere that makes tendons located |
|
Definition
| adjacent to myotome and anterior and postioer border of somite |
|
|
Term
| what transcription factor regulates the development of tendons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three main things that influence muscle production |
|
Definition
| ectoderm, neural tube, notochord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone morphogenic protein 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibroblast growth factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myogenic regulatory factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what singals ventrolateral lip cells of the dermomytome to expres muscle specific genes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what msucles specific genes does the ventrolateral lip cells express |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what induces production of WNT proteins by the dorsal nerve tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the same time WNT is made by the dorsal nerve tube what is happening at the neural tube |
|
Definition
| SHH proteins secreted in low concentrations |
|
|
Term
| in what part of the neural tube is SHH made |
|
Definition
| notochord and floor plate |
|
|
Term
| what do WNT and SHH affect |
|
Definition
| the dorsomedial lip cells of the dermomytome to release MYF5 and MYO-D |
|
|
Term
| what does the SHH do in ventrolaeral lip cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are MYO-D and MYF5, what family |
|
Definition
| transcription factors of the MRF family |
|
|
Term
| what does the MRF family do |
|
Definition
| activate pathways for muscle development |
|
|
Term
| what week can limb muscles be seen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the process of the formation of limb muscles |
|
Definition
1. mesenchyme from dorsal lateral cells of somite condense near limb bud
2. cells migrate to limb bud
3. somatic mesoderm makes connective tissue
4. connective tissue determines the pattern of muscle formation
5. limb elongates making felxor and extensor components
6. the initially segmental muscle fuses and is now made of tissue from many segments |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationshio between the tissue that form limb muscles and bones |
|
Definition
| it is the same one! somatic mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| what determines the pattern of limb bud formation |
|
Definition
| connective tissue derived from somatic mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| what do the upper limb buds lie opposite to |
|
Definition
| lower 5 cervical and upper two thoracic segments |
|
|
Term
| what do the lower limb buds lie opposite to |
|
Definition
| lower 4 lumbar and upper two sacral segments |
|
|
Term
| how and when do nerves penetrate the limb buds, which ones |
|
Definition
| as buds form, ventral primary rami from the appropirate spinal nerves penetrate into the mesenchyme. at first each eami enters with isolated dorsal and ventral branches but the soon unite! forming a large dorsal and ventral nerve |
|
|
Term
| tell the tale of the formation of cardiac muscle |
|
Definition
once upon a time
1. splanchnic mesoderm around the endothelial tube decided to grow
2. myoflblasts adhered via intercelated discs WITHOUT FUSING
3. myofibrils developed
4. some very special bundles of heart cells with irregular myofibrils were visible
5. they were promoted to perkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
| what forms aortic and large artery smooth muscle |
|
Definition
| lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells |
|
|
Term
| what forms gut and gut derivative smooth muscle |
|
Definition
| splanchnic mesoderm of lateral plate |
|
|
Term
| what forms coronary arteries smooth muscle |
|
Definition
proepicardia and neural crest cells
YOU SHOULD PROBABLLY KNOW THIS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE THING YOU SHOULD PROBABLLY KNOW EVERY WORD OF FROM THE MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT LECTURE |
|
Definition
| PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST CELLS MAKE CORONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT DOES THE PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST CELLS MAKE WHEN THEY JOIN FORCES |
|
Definition
| CORONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE |
|
|
Term
| YOU BETTER NOT MARK THIS CARD RIGHT AND KEEP DOING IT A MILLION TIMES BECAUSE YOU NEED TO KNOW VERY VERY VERY WELL WHAT MAKES THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE CORONARY ARTERY |
|
Definition
| PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST |
|
|
Term
| what makes the smooth muscle of the dilator of the pupil, sphinctors, and muscle in mammary and sweat glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in poland anomaly |
|
Definition
| complete absence of pectoralis major (and sometimes minor too) |
|
|
Term
| what happens in prune belly syndrome |
|
Definition
| complete or partial absence of abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what symptoms does prune belly have |
|
Definition
| internal organs visible or palpable, bladder, urethre, or urinary malformation or obstruction, incresed fluid leads to distension of abdomen and atrophy of muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the inhericance of muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does muscular dystrophy cause |
|
Definition
| atrophy of muscles leading to weakines |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gene is broken in muscular dystrophy, what does it do |
|
Definition
| dystrophin is in a complex linking ECM and cytoskeleton |
|
|
