Term
|
Definition
| adipocytes, small groups of cells in loose connective tissue, avascular |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of adipose tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do adipocytes differentate from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what transcription factor causes adipocytes differtate |
|
Definition
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activates mesenchymal stem cells |
|
|
Term
| what transcription factor plays a part in initiation of lipid metabolism |
|
Definition
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
|
|
Term
| what type of adipose tissue is prodominate in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of adipose tissue is prodominate in fetuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of adipose tissue is unilocular, what does that mean |
|
Definition
| white adipose is in the form of one fat droplet |
|
|
Term
| what type of adipose tissue is multiocular, what does that mean |
|
Definition
| brown adipose is in the form of numerous fat droplets |
|
|
Term
| what does the white adipose tissue form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a connective tissue layer under the skin that varies in thickness in the body made of white adipose |
|
|
Term
| where is white adipose tissue found in the body |
|
Definition
| around the organs, the omentum, mesenteries, bone marrow, feet, axilla, orbits, loose connective tissue and superficial fascia |
|
|
Term
| what shapes can adipocytes be |
|
Definition
| round, oval, or polygedral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic solvent that dissolves the lipid droplet in adipose during tissue preperation |
|
|
Term
| what is the characteristic appearance of white adipose tissue |
|
Definition
| honeycomb, nucleus and cytoplasm are displaced by a large non membrane bound lipid droplet |
|
|
Term
| when does brown adipose begin to decline |
|
Definition
| the first decade after birth |
|
|
Term
| where is brown fat found in adults |
|
Definition
| deep areas like the kidney, adrenal glands, aorta, regions of the neck, medistinum |
|
|
Term
| what type of animals have brown fat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| into lobules by connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the characteristic apperance of brown adipose tissue |
|
Definition
| lots of mitochondria, large fat droplets, nucleus is not displaced by fat droplets |
|
|
Term
| how much of a newborn is adipose tissue and what types |
|
Definition
| 2-5% of multiocular and unocular |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of brown fat |
|
Definition
| generates heat through non-shivering thermogenesis, it helps prevent heat loss in newborns |
|
|
Term
| how does non-shivering thermogenesis work |
|
Definition
| when brown fat is oxidized it makes heat which warms blood flowing through the tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is non-shivering thermogenesis regulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does thermogenesis come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does thermogenin work |
|
Definition
| uncouples oxidation of fatty acids from the production of ATP, it facilitates the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, the movement of proteons across the inner compartment dissipates the mitochondrial proton gradient, uncoupling respiration from ATP synthesis producing energy for heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most common benign adipose tissue tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rare, milignant tumor of adipose tissue containing cells that are less differentiated and more agressive and tend to metastasize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rare benign, slow growing tumor of brown fat, ofren found in the periscapular region usually contain a mix of white and brown fat, pure ones are very rare |
|
|
Term
| what is cartilage made of |
|
Definition
| avascular tissue with lots of extracellular matrix and chondrocyte cells |
|
|
Term
| where are chondrocytes located |
|
Definition
| matrix cavities called lacunae |
|
|
Term
| what are the kinds of cartilage |
|
Definition
| hayline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dense connetive tissue convering on most cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what types of cartilage dont have a perichondrium |
|
Definition
| articular cartilage, epiphyseal plates, and fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of perichondrium |
|
Definition
| inner cell layer, outer fibrous layer |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the inner cell layer of the perichondrium |
|
Definition
| gives rise to new cartilage cells |
|
|
Term
| what does hayline cartilage look like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of hayline cartilage |
|
Definition
| provide a low friction student |
|
|
Term
| how does hayline cartilage fix itself |
|
Definition
| its repair is limited but it does not show evidence of abrision of a lifetime |
|
|
Term
| what is an isogenous group |
|
Definition
| cells that have recently divided |
|
|
Term
| what does the ahyline cartilage matrix have in it |
|
Definition
| collagen, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| what does the high hydration of the hayline cartilage do |
|
Definition
| permit diffusion of small metabolites to promote resilience |
|
|
Term
| what does aggrecan-hyaluronan aggregates do |
|
Definition
| binds the water in the cartilage matrix |
|
|
Term
| what type of collagen is the majority of collagen in the matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the cartilage-specific collagen molecules |
|
Definition
| type II, iX, X, XI collagen, all collagen found in the matrix |
|
|
Term
| what does type IX do in the hayline matrix |
|
Definition
| facillitates fibril interaction with the matrix proteoglycans |
|
|
Term
| what does type X do in the hayline matrix |
|
Definition
| organizes collagen fibrils into a hexagonal lattice |
|
|
Term
| what does type VI do in the hayline matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the type vi collagen in the hayline matrix located |
|
Definition
| periphery of chondrocytes, attaches them to the matrix |
|
|
Term
| what can mesenchymal stem cells make |
|
Definition
| brown adipose, white adipose, fibroblasts (which can make adipose) |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of white adipose ot hyodermis |
|
Definition
| anchor skin, keep form, different in the different sexes |
|
|
Term
| what is the overall type of chemical reaction that makes heat in non-shivering thermogenesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hibernoma made only of brown fat, very rare |
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundent type of cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes the hayline matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the hayline matrix contain |
|
Definition
| collagen, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| what are all the GAGs in haline cartilage matrix |
|
Definition
| hyaluronan, chondrotin sulfate, keratin sulfate, decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of chondroitin and keratan sulfates |
|
Definition
| join to form proteoglycan monomere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a proteoglycan monomere with lots of water affinity made by chondroitin and keratan sulfate in cartilage matrix |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of hyalurunan |
|
Definition
| aggrecans link to it forming proteoglycan aggregates |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of proteoglycan aggregates |
|
Definition
| bind collagen fibrils by electrostatic interactions and multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of decorin, biglycan, and fibromodulin |
|
Definition
| bind to other molecules to stabilize matrix in cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
Definition
| influence interactions between chondrocytes and matrix molecules. mark cartilage turn over and degeneration |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of a multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
Definition
| anchorin CII, tenascin, fibronectin |
|
|
Term
| what is and what is the function of anchorin CII |
|
Definition
| a collagen receptor in chondrocytes, a multiadhesive glycoprotein |
|
|
Term
| what is and what is the function of fibronectin |
|
Definition
| anchors chondrocytes to matrix, a multiadhesive glycoprotein |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of a young chondrocyte |
|
Definition
| lots of RER, golgi, and mitochondria to make matrix |
|
|
Term
| what is the episypheal plate, where is it |
|
Definition
| made of hayline cartilge to elongate bones before puberty and is a model for the fetus skeleton |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of articular cartilage |
|
Definition
| protects long bones and lubricates synovial joints |
|
|
Term
| what is elastic cartilage made of |
|
Definition
| hayline cartilage and elastic fibers |
|
|
Term
| where is elastic cartilage located |
|
Definition
| the external auditory meatus, epiglottis of the larynx, eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| what happens to hayline cartilage over time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does not happen to elastic cartilage over time |
|
Definition
| it does not ossify with age |
|
|
Term
| does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is fibrocartilage made of |
|
Definition
| hayline cartilage cross linked with dense regulat connective tissue, has fibroblasts, rows (trains) of chondrocytes in singally |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| tough, shock absorption, resistance of compression, shearing |
|
|
Term
| where is fibrocartilage found |
|
Definition
| intervertebral discs, pubic symphsis, menisca of the knee, articular discs of joints |
|
|
Term
| does fibrocartilage have perichondrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does gomori trichome do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are multiadhesive glycoproteins proteoglycan linked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical value of multiadhesive glycoproteins |
|
Definition
| markers of cartilage turn over and degeneration |
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|
