1. Composed of cells, at least 1 cell

2. Use energy

3. Respond to environmental changes.

4. Maintain homeostasis

5. Grow & Develop

6. Reproduce using DNA

7. Have capacity to evolve

A chemical bond that is formed due to the sharing of electrons

-bonds between atoms

ex. makes water 

Chemical bonds between ions

between charged atoms

ex: NaCl

Bond between molecules and is due to attraction of opposite electrical charges 

ex: the O and H molecules attracting by poles

Large molecules made of repeating monomers

EXAMPLES:

Carbohydrates-->Sugars

Protein-->Amino Acids

Lipids--> Fatty Acids

Nucleic Acids-->Nucleotides

Stuff that makes up the universe

Anything that occupies space

(117) kinds of matter; called elements

3 physical states: liquid, gas, solids

Substances that can be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter

90 occur naturally

25 essential for life

Number of protons in an atom

Always constant for each element

C is always 6

H is always 1

O is always 8 

N is always 7

*Ununhexium has highest atomic number at 116

Neutrons usually = number of protons

*Number can vary

Ex. C can have 6 or 8 neutrons

Elements that have at least two different forms

*Radioactive because unstable in nature and emit radiation

Observing: use of 1 or more of the 5 senses to perceive objects of events

Collecting Data: Gathering and recording specific information based on observations 

Process of determining dimensions of an

object

number of objects in a group

duration of an event

Placing objects and measurements in a

logical order

graph

chart

table

map

Act of grouping 

objects

organisms

or phenomena into an established organizational scheme

Forming testable statments

supported or refuted

*can never be proved beyond all doubt

Determine whether or not data is reliable-Support or refute? 

Uses:

statistics

interpreting graphs

determining relationships between variables

comparing data

Construction a representation of an:

object

a system

a process

helps show relationships between data. 

1. Cell is the fundamental unit of life

2. All living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells

3. All new cells come from pre-existing cells

-4 electrons in outermost shell

-covalent bond-bc it shares electrons

-can bond by single (share 2), double (share 4), or triple bonds

-can make branched chains, straight chains, and rings

"polysaccharide"

monomer = sugars

2 H and 1 O for every C

Speed up metabolism

example: sucrose

replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation

example: RNA.DNA polymerase

carry substances

example: hemoglobin (carries oxygen)

initiate movement

example: myosin causes muscles to contract

healing, defensive against invader

example: antibodies (kill bacteria)

defense, predation

example: venom

communication

example: receptors on plasma membrane

More CH bonds than O

fats, oils, waxes

triglycerides = fats and oils

steroids = cholesterol, testosterone

phospholipids = plasma membrane

Substance that produces hydrogen ions when disolved in water 

pH less than 7

tastes sour/stings skin

substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH)/accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

pH of more than 7

-tastes bitter, feels slippery

Substance that can release and accept hydrogen ions.

Acts as a combination of an acid and base.

*Maintain a pH within specific limits

protein factories

made in the nucleolus

"ER"

"strip of highway with many factories"

Rough ER = has ribosomes

Smooth ER = no ribosomes

packaging plant, labels the proteins/sugars

flat membrane sacs

modifies/sorts proteins/lipids

envelope, mail truck

small membrane-bound sac

can bud off the ER and fuse with golgi

CARRIES proteins and lipids etc.

"stomach" Recycling plant

digest food particles and invaders

POWERHOUSE/Energy Plant

Site of cellular respiration

Has it's OWN DNA