1. Cell Physiology: Processes within and between cells
2.  Special Physiology: Functions of specific organs
3.  Systemic Physiology: functions of an organ system
4.  Pathological Physiology: effects of diseases

1. Autoregulation: automatic response in a cell, tissue or organ to some environmental change

2. Extrinsic Regulation: responses controlled by the nervous or endocrine system

Extrinsic Regulation: responses controlled by nervous or endocrine systems.

These organ systems detect an environmental change and send an electrical signal (nervous system) or chemical messenger (endocrine system) to control or adjust the activities of another or many other systems simultaneously. 

The outer cell membrane that separates the cell contents from its surroundings. Functions:

1. Physical isolation:separates the inside of the cell from the surrounding extracellular fluid (As conditions are different on the inside of the cell to the outside)
2. Regulation of Exchange with the Environment:controls the entry of ions and nutrients, the elimination of wastes and the release of secretions.
3. Sensitivity to the Environment/Cell Communication: contains receptors that allow the cell to respond to specific molecules within its environment
4. Structural support: anchors cells and tissues

Material between the plasma membrane and the membrane that surrounds the nucleus

What does the cytoplasm contain?

The intracellular fluid/fluid component of the cytoplasm

 Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, soluble and insoluble proteins and waste products

Membrane bound, fluid structure that contains enzymes, proteins and DNA which together control cellular function.

The cells 'skeleton'

Provides a structural framework for a cell

Allows the movement of cellular structure and materials 

1. Microfilaments

Made up of actin protein

Anchors the cytoskeleton to integral proteins in the plasma membrane 

Helps produce movement of portions of the cell

2. Intermediate Filaments

Made of kertain protein

Strengthens the cell and helps maintain its shape

Stabilises the position of organelles

Stabilises the position of the cell in repsect to surrounding cells

3. Microtubules

·      During cell division, involved in the separation of chromosomes, so we get appropriate amount of genetic material when cells divide

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): transfers the message

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): binds and delivers a specific type of amino acid

3: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up ribosome/allows protein to be produced

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): transfers the message

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): binds and delivers a specific type of amino acid

3: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up ribosome/allows protein to be produced