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Cell Biology
N/A
90
Biology
12th Grade
01/27/2010

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Term
Reaction Center
Definition
Chlorophyll A molecule located next to primary electron acceptor
Loses electron to primary electron acceptor
Term
Visible Light Colors
Definition
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet
Term
Primary Electron Acceptor
Definition
Takes electron from reaction center
Term
Missing electron in photosystem II replaced by...
Definition
H+ from H2O O2 released as byproduct
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
Connects Photosystem II and Photosystem I Series of proteins along the thylakoid membrane
Term
Photophosphorylation
Definition
Process of synthesizing ADP + P --> ATP On outside of thylakoid
Term
Missing electron in Photosystem I replaced by...
Definition
Electron coming down electron transport chain from Photosystem II
Term
NADP+
Definition
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Term
NADPH
Definition
NADP+ + H+ + e- = NADPH Energy to make sugar
Term
Rubisco
Definition
Enzyme
Most abundant proteins on earth
Term
RuBP
Definition
Ribulose biphosphate
Term
PGA
Definition
Phosphoglycerate
Term
PGAL
Definition
Phosphoglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Term
Glycolosis
Definition
Breaking apart of glucose
Term
NADH
Definition
Nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
Term
Anaerobic Cell Respiration
Definition
After glycolysis, NADH dumps e- and H+ to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is converted to either Lactic Acid or Ethyl Alcohol + CO2
Term
FADH2
Definition
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Term
Energy in 1 glucose molecule = ___ calories
Definition
686 calories
Term
Energy released from Glucose in aerobic cellular respiration = ___ calories
Definition
277 calories
Term
Efficiency of aerobic cellular respiration = __%
Definition
40%
Rest is lost to heat
Term
Number of ATP Produced in aerobic cellular respiration
Definition
36
Term
Energy in 1 ATP molecule (calories)
Definition
7.3 calories/ATP molecule
Term
Proteins make up __% of dry weight cells
Definition
50%
Term
Structural Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Support
Examples - Collagen, elastin, keratin
Term
Enzymes
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Control chemical reactions
Examples - Lactase, amylase, fructase
Term
Transport Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Transport of molecules
Examples - Hemoglobin, HDL, LDL, myoglobin
Term
Hormonal Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Communication via chemical message
Examples - Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, thyroxin
Term
Contractile Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Movement
Examples - Actin, myosin
Term
Pigment Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Trap light energy
Examples - Melanin, chlorophyll, xanthophylls, carotenes
Term
Defensive Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Fight foreign invaders
Examples - Antibodies
Term
Receptor Proteins
(Function and where found)
Definition
Function - Recieve stimuli
Found on outside of cells
Term
Storage Proteins
(Function and Examples)
Definition
Function - Store amino acids
Examples - Albumin (egg white), casien
Term
Four Levels of Protein Structure
Definition
Primary Structure (Polypeptide Chain/Amino Acid Sequence) Secondary Structure (Helix) Tertiary Structure (Folded individual peptide/Di-sulfide bridges) Quaternary Structure (Aggregration of two or more peptides)
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition
[image]
Term
Basic Structure of Amino Acid
Definition
[image]
Term
Groups of Amino Acids
Definition
1) Methyl Group (CH3) - Nonpolar, hydrophobic 2) Polar, hydrophilic 3) Charged - (-) acidic & (+) basic
Term
Paper Chromatography
Definition
Process used to separate compounds in one solution from another
Term
Distance a compound moves up chromatography paper depends on...
Definition
Solubility of compound in solvent Attraction of compound to paper - Most nonpolar pigments move fastest - Most polar pigments move slowest
Term
Put four plant pigments in order of highest polarity to lowest polarity
Definition
Chlorophyll B Chlorophyll A Xanthophylls Carotenes
Term
Equation for Photosynthesis
Definition
12 H2O + 6 CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Under arrow - enzymes, pigments, sunlight, minerals
Term
Utilizes pigments (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
CO2 is used (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
NADP+ picks up H+ (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Electrons are raised to a higher energy level (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Water is split (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Enzyme Rubisco is used (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
PGAL is produced (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
Requires light (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Occurs in stroma (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
Involves electron transport chain (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Uses ATP (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
Can by cyclic or noncyclic (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Utilizes photosystems (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
Occurs in thylakoid membrane (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
O2 released (Light Reaction or Calvin Cycle?)
Definition
Light Reaction
Term
What role does water serve in photosynthesis?
Definition
Replaces electron that is pulled out of Photosystem II at chlorophyll A. H passed on and O2 is formed.
Term
Describe structure of general photosystem
Definition
Works energy collection systerm Located in thylakoid membrane
Term
Need for cyclic photophosphorylation
Definition
More ATP is needed for Calvin Cycle than NADPH so instead of the electrons being passed on, the electron cycles back through Photosystem II
Term
Plants have evolved several pigments within chloroplast because...
Definition
More pigments result in more energy absorbed (different wavelengths from sun can be absorbed)
Term
Role of ATP in Calvin Cycle
Definition
Convert GPA to PGAL and then PGAL to RuBP
Term
Equation for Cell Respiration
Definition
6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Term
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
CO2 is released (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Intermediate Reactions and Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle
Term
Glucose is split (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
Electrons are passed from protein to protein (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
Uses coenzyme A (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Intermediate Reactions
Term
Occurs in the cell cytosol (cytoplasm) (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
H2O is released (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
Succinic acid is the "halfway point" (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle
Term
Occurs in intramembrane space of mitochondria (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron transport chain
Term
NADH is made (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Glycolysis, Intermediate Reaction, Kreb's Citric Cycle
Term
FADH2 is made (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle
Term
ATP synthase makes ATP (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
Involves an H+ gradient (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
Occurs in mitochondria matrix (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle
Term
PGAL is produced (Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, Kreb's Citric Acid Cycle or Electron Transport Chain?)
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
Role of oxygen in cell respiration
Definition
Oxygen is final electron acceptor. Hooks up H+ and e- to make H2O to be exhaled so that electrons and hydrogens aren't backed up
Term
Purpose of NADH and FADH2
Definition
To transport H+ and e-. NADH yields 2 ATP in glycolysis and 3 in intermediate reaction and kreb's cycle. FADH yields 2 ATP in Kreb's cycle.
Term
Difference between NADH and FADH2
Definition
NADH dropped off earlier in electron transport chain and makes more ATP
Term
Role of ATP in glycolysis
Definition
2 ATP used to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-diphosphate
Term
What is the net gain from Glycolysis, Intermediate Reactions, and Kreb's Cycle?
Definition

4 ATP

10 NADH

2 FADH2

6 CO2

Term
What is used to convert 3PGA to 6PGAL in the Calvin Cycle?
Definition
6ATP and 6NADH
Term
What is used to regenerate 3RuBP from 5PGAL in the Calvin Cycle?
Definition
3 ATP
Term
What is used to convert 6C6H12O6 to 6 Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate in Glycolysis?
Definition
2 ATP
Term
What is made from converting 2PGAL to 2 Pyruvic Acid in Glycolysis?
Definition
4ATP and 2NADH
Term
What is made from converting 2 Pyruvic Acid to 2 Acetyl CoA in the Intermediate Reactions?
Definition
2CO2 and 2NADH
Term
What is made from converting 2 citric acid to 2 succinic acid in the Kreb's Cycle?
Definition
2 ATP, 4 NADH, 4 CO2
Term
What is made when converting 2 succinic acid to 2 oxaloacetic acid in the Kreb's Cycle?
Definition
2NADH and 2FADH2
Term
NADH makes how much ATP?
Definition
2 in glycolysis, 3 in intermediate reaction and Kreb's
Term
FADH makes how much ATP?
Definition
2 ATP
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