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| Who developed Cell theory? |
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Definition
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| Who applied the geodesic dome to the cell? |
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Definition
| Buckminster Fuller & Donald Ingber |
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| Who coined the term "cell?" |
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Definition
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| Improved the light microscope, first to observe and describe single-celled organisms |
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| Who got the nobel prize for the nature of chemical bonds? |
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| Who got the nobel prize for discovering the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
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| Who invented the electron microscope? |
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| Who discovered that the number of A base pairs = the number of T base pairs? (C=G) |
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Term
| what type of reaction requires the input of energy to proceed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of reaction results in the net release of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endothermic reactions (create/reduce) disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| An activated carrier is needed for _____ reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| example of an activated carrier |
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Definition
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Term
| Condensation reaction examples. |
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Definition
| glucose linkage to glycogen (, nucleotides to DNA (phos. diester), amino acids to protein (peptide), fatty acids to triglycerol (ester) |
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Term
| What type of bonds are present in primary proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bonds are present in secondary proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bonds are present in tertiary proteins? |
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Definition
| van der waals, ionic, hydrophobic, disulfide |
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Term
| What type of bonds are present in quarternary proteins? |
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Definition
| same as tertiary. Van der Waals, Ionic, hydrophobic, disulfide |
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Term
| what are the two methods of fluorescent tagging used for the fluorescent microscope? |
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Definition
| GFP fusion , antibody dectection via attached fluoropheres |
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Term
| what are the two methods of fixation for an electron microscope? |
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Definition
| freezing, embedding in resin |
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Term
| Can the antibody method be used with an electron microscope? |
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Definition
| Yes, once the microtome has cut slices, they can be stained with antibodies, however a heavy metal tag is used. |
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Term
| conformation of a protein is determined by its .... |
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Definition
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Term
| on heating, a protein may become denatured due to the breakage of .... |
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Definition
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Term
| the same twenty __________________ are used to make all proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| One-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) separates polypeptides based on their ...... |
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Definition
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Term
| a human cell might be measured in |
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Definition
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Term
| This organelle chemically modifies, sorts, and packages proteins it receives from the rough ER. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area of cells, and are involved in absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction |
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Term
| for better resolution in a microscope, use a _____ wavelength of light |
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Definition
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Term
| lipids' hydrocarbon tails are ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| condensation reactions _____ water molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| In both the transcription of RNA and DNA, the _________ backbone is linked by __________________ |
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Definition
| the sugar-phosphate backbone is linked by phosphodiester covalent bonds. |
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Term
| information is copied from the DNA into the nucleotide sequence of RNA in a process called __________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the |
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Definition
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Term
| Responsible for the translation of mRNA and synthesis of proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| what direction does DNA polymerase go? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the lagging strand get made? |
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Definition
| okazaki fragments, then corrections |
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Term
| how does DNA polymerase proofread? |
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Definition
| 3 to 5 nucleotide cleavage by nuclease |
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Term
| what kind of primer does DNA polymerase use? |
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Definition
| short lengths of RNA (about 10 nucleotides) synthesized by primase |
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Term
| how many primers are needed? |
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Definition
| leading strand - 1, lagging - many |
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Term
| What energy does DNA helicase use? |
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Definition
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Term
| what enzyme separates the DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| single strand binding protein |
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Definition
| binds to DNA exposed by helicase so that it does not reform base pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps polymerase attached to the template |
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Definition
| on the ends of chromosomes, to replicate them in eukaryotes. |
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Term
| what sort of group is 3' ? |
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Definition
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Definition
| elongating the repetitive end of the chromosome. |
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Term
| what corrects the mistakes that DNAP misses? |
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Definition
| DNA mismatch repair system |
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Term
| non-homologus end-joining repairs |
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Definition
| double-strand breaks by chopping the ends. Rapid but imperfect. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the info from other DNA to repair it, can't take place at all times. |
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Definition
| uses the info from other DNA to repair it, can't take place at all times. |
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Term
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Definition
| short sequences of DNA which can move from one position to another in the chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| studied phenotype in corn and discoverd MGE (mobile genetics) |
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Term
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Definition
| move via RNA intermediate |
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Definition
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| identified the base, sugar, and phosphate nucleotide unit |
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Definition
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Term
| proved that smooth (virulent) vs rough can be changed by injecting DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ _____ _____centifuged the S strain & took components out one by one, found DNA to be what changed it |
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Definition
| - Avery - Lacleod- McCarty |
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Term
| found that phages inject DNA, not protein, when they infect a cell |
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Definition
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Term
| - came up with a (wrong) helical structure of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| -discovered double helix, anti parallel |
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Definition
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Term
| contributed x-rays of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA has 3 components ___ ____ ____ |
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Definition
| phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base |
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Term
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Definition
A&G = the big ones
C&T = small ones |
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Term
| phosphodiester bonds are ? |
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Definition
| 3 hydroxyl bonds to a posphate 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| protein: amino to carboxyl |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| the smooth DNA we see is ________ |
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Definition
| B style, Z and A also exist. |
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Term
| ________ can separate DNA *denature |
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Definition
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Term
| a chromosome consists of.... |
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Definition
| 1 molecule of DNA and it's associated proteins (histomes) |
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Term
| Humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| a gene is a section of DNA which _______ |
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Definition
| contains the instructions for creating a protein. |
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Term
| interphase _________ and mitosis _________ |
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Definition
| (chromos duplicate) . (cell divides) |
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