Term
| as the embryo grows how does it fold |
|
Definition
| cephalocaudal (head to tail) |
|
|
Term
| as a result of folding, what happens to the endoderm lined yolk sac |
|
Definition
| cavity becomes incorporated into embryo forming primitive gut |
|
|
Term
| after the foregut is formed what remains outside the embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the primitive gut tube extend to and fron |
|
Definition
| buccopharyngeal membrane to cloacal membrane |
|
|
Term
| what do the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes consist of |
|
Definition
| tighrly adherent ectodermal and endodermal cells |
|
|
Term
| what end of the gut tube is the foregut on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what end of the gut tube is the hindgut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the vitilline duct attach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the gut tube |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal gut, foregut, midgut, hindgut |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the pharyngeal gut |
|
Definition
| extendf from bubbopharyngeal membrane to the tracheobronchial diverticulum |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the foregut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the midgut |
|
Definition
| liver bud to the point between the right 2/3 of the transverse colon to the left 1/3 of the transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the hind gut |
|
Definition
| left 1/3 of the transverse colon tot he cloacal membrane |
|
|
Term
| what forms the epithelial lining of the digestive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms hepatocytes of liver and endocrine cells of pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms stroma (CT) of glands of the gut tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms muscle, CT, peritoneal components of the gut wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remaining small intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large intestines and rectum |
|
|
Term
| what does initial partitioning of the gut tube depend on |
|
Definition
| trciprocal interactions between endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm adjacent to gut tube |
|
|
Term
| what regulates mesoderm endoderm interaction in the gut tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is sonic hedge hog expressed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does sonic hedge hog do |
|
Definition
| upregulates factors in the mesoderm that determine type of structure that forms |
|
|
Term
| what does mesoderm dictate in the gut tube |
|
Definition
| determines type of structure that forms |
|
|
Term
| what do cells of somatic mesoderm that line intraembryonic cavity become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the mesothelium of the gut tube form |
|
Definition
| parietal layer of the serous membranes that line outside of the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities |
|
|
Term
| what do cells of the splanchnic mesoderm layer in the gut tube form |
|
Definition
| visceral layer of serious membranes covering abdominal organs, lungs, heart |
|
|
Term
| what is the dorsal mesentary |
|
Definition
| the area where visceral and parietal layers of the serous membrane are continous and suspend the gut tube in the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double layers of peritonieum |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of mesentaries |
|
Definition
| path for bessels, nerves, and lymphatics to organs. suspend portions of gut from body |
|
|
Term
| what does intraperitoneal mean |
|
Definition
| organs suspended by mesentaries |
|
|
Term
| what does retroperitoneal mean |
|
Definition
| organs against posterior body wall covered by peritonieym on anterior surface |
|
|
Term
| what is a peritoneal ligament |
|
Definition
| double layer of peritoneum that passes from one organ to another or to the body wall |
|
|
Term
| when does the respiratory diverticulum appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the respiratory diverticulum appear |
|
Definition
| at border with pharyngeal gut |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for respiratory diverticulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the foregut divide into |
|
Definition
| ventral respiratory primordium and distal esophagus |
|
|
Term
| what causes the esophagus to lengthen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the muscular coat of the esophagus derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the upper 2/3 of the esophagus innervated by, why |
|
Definition
| vagus it is skeletal and smooth |
|
|
Term
| what is the lower 1/3 of the esophagus innervated by, why |
|
Definition
| splanchnic plexus, smooth m |
|
|
Term
| what does the stomach first appear as |
|
Definition
| fusiform dilation of foregut |
|
|
Term
| when does the stomach appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the stomach move during development |
|
Definition
| rotates 90 deg: left side is now anterior, right is now posterior, origional posterior side grows faster becoming greater curve, origional anterior side is lesser curve |
|
|
Term
| what is the duodenum formed from |
|
Definition
| terminal part of foregut and cephalic part of midgut |
|
|
Term
| where is the junction of the duodenal parts in development in relation to the liver bud |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the C shape of the duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens do the duodenum in month 2 |
|
Definition
| lumen proliferates, fills, and is obliterated, it the recanlilzes |
|
|
Term
| why does the duodenum blood supply come from different vessels |
|
Definition
| because it is of foregut and midgut origin |
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the foregut |
|
Definition
| branches of the celiac trunk |
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the midgut |
|
Definition
| branches of superior mesenteric |
|
|
Term
| when does liver primodrium appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the liver bud grow from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the liver bud penetrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the septum transversum |
|
Definition
| mesodermal plate inbetween pericardial cavity and yolk stalk |
|
|
Term
| what does the septum transversum form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the bild duct form |
|
Definition
| penetration of septum transversum and connection with foregut narrows |
|
|
Term
| what does the gallbladder and cystic duct form from |
|
Definition
| ventral outgrowth of bile duct |
|
|
Term
| what forms hepatic sinusoids |
|
Definition
| epithelial liver cords mingle with vitelline veins and umbilical veins |
|
|
Term
| what does the liver cord differentiate into |
|
Definition
| liver parenchyma, lining of bile duct |
|
|
Term
| what does the mesoderm of the septum transversum turn into |
|
Definition
| hematopoietic stem cells (kpuffer cells) and connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| why ini the 10th week of development is the liver 10% of the total body weight |
|
Definition
| many sinusoids and hematopoietic gunction |
|
|
Term
| what areas of the liver make RBC and WBC |
|
Definition
| large clusters of proliferating hematopoietic stem cells between hepatic cells and vesel walls |
|
|
Term
| when does hematopoietic activy slow down in the liver, what does this cause |
|
Definition
| 2 months, but some tissue still remains at birth, 5% body weight drop |
|
|
Term
| in what week do hepatic cells begin to form bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain the molecular regulation of the liver |
|
Definition
| the entire foregut has the potential to make the liver but it is constantly blocked by factors in the surrounding tissues (endoderm, non-cardiac mesoderm, notochord), in the area it is made the blocking factors are blocked |
|
|
Term
| what blocks the blocking factors stopping liver production |
|
Definition
| FGF2 from the cardiac mesoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enhance competence of the prospective liver endoderm to respond to FGF2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells in liver field differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary cell lineages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two buds from endoderm: dorsal and ventral |
|
|
Term
| what does the rotation of the duodenum do to the pancreas |
|
Definition
| ventral duct moves to liw below dorsal pancreatic dub |
|
|
Term
| what does the main pancratic duct form from |
|
Definition
| distal dorsal pancratic duct and all of the ventral duct |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the proximal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct |
|
Definition
| it is either obliterated or is the accessory duct |
|
|
Term
| where are the FGF2 and activin made in pancreas development |
|
Definition
| notochord and epithelium of dorsal aorta |
|
|
Term
| what do FGF2 and acrivin do |
|
Definition
| repress SHH expression in gut endoderm destined to form dorsal pancreatic dud |
|
|
Term
| what is the ventral pancreatic bud induced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the PDX gene do |
|
Definition
| master gene for pancreas development |
|
|
Term
| what specifies the endocrine cell lineage of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do cells expressing PAX4 and 6 become |
|
Definition
| beta cells, delta cells, gamma cells |
|
|
Term
| what does cells expressing PAX6 become |
|
Definition
|
|
