Term
| what are the organs associated with the digestive tract |
|
Definition
| teeth, tounge, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
|
|
Term
| what salivary glands are associated with the digestive tract |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual, other minor ones |
|
|
Term
| how is food broken down in the digestive tract |
|
Definition
| physically and chemically |
|
|
Term
| what processes occur in the digestive tract |
|
Definition
| ingestion, mastication, deglutition, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, secretion, defecation |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the digestive tract walls |
|
Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
|
|
Term
| what is the first layer most substances that enter the body cross |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the alimentary mucosa |
|
Definition
| secretion, absorption, barrier, immunoglogic protection |
|
|
Term
| how does the alimentary mucosa function in secretion |
|
Definition
| secrets digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, ,mucin, antibodies |
|
|
Term
| how does the alimentary mucosa function in abosprtion |
|
Definition
| epithelium of mucosa absorbs metabolic substrates, vitamins, water, electrolytes, recyclables like bile components cholesterol and substrates |
|
|
Term
| how does the alimentary mucosa function as a barrier |
|
Definition
| prevents substances, antiges, and pathalogic organisms |
|
|
Term
| how does the alimentary mucosa function in immunological protection |
|
Definition
| lympthatic tissue within mucosa participates in first line of immune defence |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
| vestibule and oral cavity proper |
|
|
Term
| what is the vestible of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
| space between lips, cheeks, and teeth |
|
|
Term
| what is the oral cavity proper |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the oral cavity proper |
|
Definition
| hard palate, soft palate, floor of mouth, tounge, and oropharynx |
|
|
Term
| what are the pairs of salivary glands |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
|
|
Term
| what are the major salivary glands surrounded by |
|
Definition
| capsule of moderatly dense connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what does the septa from the connective tissue around the salivary glands supply |
|
Definition
| secretory portions into lobes and lobules |
|
|
Term
| what do the septa of the salivary glands contain |
|
Definition
| large vessels and excretory ducts |
|
|
Term
| where do major salivary glands open |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the major salivary glands |
|
Definition
| buccal, labial, lingual, molar, palatine |
|
|
Term
| describe the capsule of the minor salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the connective tissue around the acini |
|
Definition
| lymphocytes and plasma cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the basic unit of the salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the salvion consist of |
|
Definition
| acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, excretory duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the intercalated duct located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the striated duct called that |
|
Definition
| because of the presence of basal infoldings |
|
|
Term
| where does the excretory duct empty into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the types of secretory acini |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do serous acini secrete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do serous acini contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape are serous acini |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what doe mucous acini contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape are mucous acini |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do mucous acini secrete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do mixed acini contain |
|
Definition
| serous and mucous secreting cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the lumen of the salivary acinus continous with |
|
Definition
| salivary ducts, as many as three sequential segments |
|
|
Term
| what are the salivary ducts |
|
Definition
| intercalated ducts, striated ducts, excretory ducts |
|
|
Term
| what is the intercalated duct content of a salivary duct proportional to |
|
Definition
| nature of acinar secretion |
|
|
Term
| describe the intercalated ducts of mucous glands, why |
|
Definition
| poorly developed because their secretions are not modified |
|
|
Term
| where is the parotid gland located |
|
Definition
| subcutanously in front of the ear |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest salivary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is stensen's duct, where is it located |
|
Definition
| duct of parotid gland that opens into oral cavity at parotid papilla opposite second upper molar |
|
|
Term
| what are the secretory units of the parotid gland, describe them |
|
Definition
| serous and surround many long intercalated discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is within the parotid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a viral infection of the parotid gland, why is it scary |
|
Definition
| mumps, could infect facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| where is the submandibular gland located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duct of the submandibular gland |
|
|
Term
| were does whartons duct open |
|
Definition
| at sublingual caruncle on either side of the lingual fenulum below the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what type of gland is the submandibular gland |
|
Definition
| serous, but some mucous acini are seen with serous demilune caps |
|
|
Term
| what is the interalated content of the submandibular gland |
|
Definition
| less exensive than parotid |
|
|
Term
| where is the sublingual gland |
|
Definition
| inferior to tounge on the floor of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| describe the ducts of the sublingual gland |
|
Definition
| seceral that open into submandibular dict or oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| what type of gland is the sublingual gland |
|
Definition
| mucous mostly, some mucous acini have serous demilunes |
|
|
Term
| what is a serous demilune |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are serous demilunes a remnent of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do serous demilunes contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of saliva |
|
Definition
| moisten oral mucosa and dry foods, dissolve and suspend food to stimulate taste buds, buffer, digest carbs, controls bacteria, immune |
|
|
Term
| what needs to happen before taste buds can taste something |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does saliva digest carbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does saliva control bacteria |
|
Definition
| lysosome muramidase that lyses muramic acid in bacteria |
|
|
Term
| how does saliva participate in immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma cells in the connective tissue around secretory acini of salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| what types of IgA are released, where |
|
Definition
| dimeric and monomeric into connective tissue matrix |
|
|
Term
| what happens to IgA after entering connective tissue matrix |
|
Definition
| acinar cells internalize them with receptor mediated endocytosis |
|
|
Term
| after being endocytosed, what happens to IgA |
|
Definition
| it is secreted into the lumen of the salivary duct |
|
|
Term
| where are myoepithelial cells found |
|
Definition
| basal aspect of acinal secretory cells |
|
|
Term
| what do myoepithelial cells do |
|
Definition
| contract to move secretory products towards excretory duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aggregations of lymph tissue around a posterior opening of nasal and oral cavities |
|
|
Term
| what formation do tonsils form |
|
Definition
| tonsillar ring of waldeyers lymphatic ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palatine, tubal, pharyngeal, lingual |
|
|
Term
| where is the masticatory mucosa located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cells is the masticora mucosa |
|
Definition
| keratinized stratified squamous, sometimes parakeratinized |
|
|
Term
| what is parakeratinized epithelium similar to, except |
|
Definition
| keratinized epithelium the superificial cells do not loose their nuclei and cytoplasm does not stain with eosin |
|
|
Term
| how is masticatory mucosa keratinized eipthelium different than skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does masticora mucosa adhere to |
|
Definition
| palatine raphe, midline of hard palate |
|
|
Term
| where is lining mucosa located |
|
Definition
| lips, cheeks, aveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surfaces of tounge, soft palate |
|
|
Term
| what is lining mucosa covering |
|
Definition
| stratified muscle, bone, and glands |
|
|
Term
| what type of cells is lining mucosa |
|
Definition
| usually nonkeratinized but may be parakeratinized |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the nonkeratinized lining mucos |
|
Definition
| stratum basale, spinosum, superficiale |
|
|
Term
| describe the stratum basale of the lining mucosa |
|
Definition
| single layer of cells that rests on basal lamina |
|
|
Term
| describe the stratum spinosum of the lining mucosa |
|
Definition
| several cells in thickness |
|
|
Term
| describe the stratum superficiale of the lining mucosa |
|
Definition
| most superificial, also surface layer of mucosa |
|
|
Term
| what are the cells of the lining mucosa |
|
Definition
| keratinocytes, langerhands cells, melanocytes, merkels cells |
|
|
Term
| where are hte malenocytes of the lining mucosa derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the merkels cells of the lining mucosa, where are they located |
|
Definition
| modified epidermal cells, in stratum basale |
|
|
Term
| what type of muscles does the tounge have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are intrinsic muscles |
|
Definition
| have attachment outside the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what are extrinsic muscles |
|
Definition
| confined entirely to the tounge |
|
|
Term
| how do the muscle fibers of the tounge run, why |
|
Definition
| three planes perpendicular to eachother to allow for flexability and percision in tounge movements |
|
|
Term
| what is mixed in the substance of the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the lingual tonsils in the lamina propria, where are they located |
|
Definition
| dorsal surface posterior tounge has smooth bulges that indicate its presence |
|
|
Term
| how is the tounge divided |
|
Definition
| anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the foramen cecum |
|
Definition
| the mark of the thyroid gland formation at the apex of the V on the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what covers the dorsal surface of the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the lingual papillae and taste buds make up |
|
Definition
| specilized mucosa of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of lingual papillae |
|
Definition
| filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate |
|
|
Term
| what are the smallest and most numerous papillae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the fungiform papillae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the circumvallate papillae located |
|
Definition
| anterior to sulcus terminalis, surrounded by a moat |
|
|
Term
| what are the largest papillae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most rare papillae, where are they not rare |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are taste buds found |
|
Definition
| fingiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae,sides of lingual papillae |
|
|
Term
| what is the small opening in the apex of a taste bud calledd |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the non papillae taste buds found |
|
Definition
| palatoglossal arch, soft palate, posterior surface of the epiglottis, posterior wall of pharynx down to level of chorcoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of taste bud cells |
|
Definition
| neuroepithelial, supporting, basal |
|
|
Term
| where are neuroepithelial cells located |
|
Definition
| basal lamina to taste pore |
|
|
Term
| what apendages do neuroepithalial cells have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do neuroepithelial cells synapse |
|
Definition
| affenent process of CN VII, IX, X |
|
|
Term
| what is the turn over rate of neuroepithelial cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are supporting cells of taste buds located |
|
Definition
| basal lamina to taste pore |
|
|
Term
| what apendages of supporting cells of taste buds have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do supporting cells of taste buds synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the basal cells of the taste buds |
|
Definition
| stem cells for supporting and neuroepithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| what are the teeth attached to |
|
Definition
| aveolar process of maxilla and mandible |
|
|
Term
| how many teeth do adults have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many perminent teeth are preceded by baby teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the enamel made of, what is its claim to fame |
|
Definition
| hardest substance in the body, Ca hydroxyapatite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does enamel replace itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are structures of the teeth other than enamel made by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundent dental tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dentin located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is dentin secreted by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape are odontoblasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do odontoblasts contain |
|
Definition
| well developed RER, large golgi, other synthesis organells, secrete protein |
|
|
Term
| what is cementum, where is it located |
|
Definition
| thin bone like calcified tissue covering dentin of the root of the tooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is cementum secreted by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are cementocytes simillar to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the vessels of cementum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to cementum when exposed or abrasion, why |
|
Definition
| it is easily removed, more perimable and softer than dentin |
|
|
Term
| what does tooth pulp consist of |
|
Definition
| loost connective tissue, vessles, nerves, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, thin collagen fibrils, ground substance |
|
|
Term
| where do blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp |
|
Definition
| tip of root, apical foramen |
|
|
Term
| what does ground substance of the pulp contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe pulp nerve fibers, what are they sensitive to |
|
Definition
| unmyelinated, sensitve only to pain |
|
|
Term
| what are the supporting tissues of teeth |
|
Definition
| alveolar margins of maxilla mand mandible, peridontal ligament and gingiva |
|
|
Term
| what does the aveolar process contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what joins tooth to bone, what does it provide |
|
Definition
| peridontal ligament, proprioception |
|
|
Term
| what is the peridontal ligament made of |
|
Definition
| fiberous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peridontal ligament and socket, peg-in-socket joint |
|
|
Term
| what is the gingiva part of |
|
Definition
| mucous membrane called gums |
|
|
Term
| what surrounds major salivary glands, which has the most |
|
Definition
| connective tissue capsule, parotid |
|
|
Term
| in order, list where secretions of glands do through |
|
Definition
| acinus, intercalated duct, striated basal infoldiings, excretory duct |
|
|
Term
| what gland has the biggest intercalated duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gland has the most striated duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gland has the most acinus duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the ducts in a gland |
|
|
Term
| why do serous glands have well developed intercalated and striated ducts |
|
Definition
| because cells of ducts modify (absorb or add to) secretion |
|
|
Term
| where are the lingual tosils located |
|
Definition
| in the substance of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what are taste buds associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is enamel derived from, what are the other teeth and supporting structures derived from |
|
Definition
| ectoderm. mesoderm or neural crest |
|
|
