Term
|
Definition
| messenger RNA carries the genetic information transcribed from DNA in linar form. mRNA is read in sets of 3-nucleotide sequences, called codons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of three-nucleotide sequences that specify a particular amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfer RNA is the key to deciphering the codons in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own subset of tRNAs, which bind to the amino acid and carry it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain when the next codon in the mRNA calls for it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a three-nucleotide sequence that can base-pair with its complementary condon in the mRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribosomal RNA associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of a large and small subunit, that physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assemly of amino acids inot polypeptide chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory proteins neccessary for protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
start codon codes for amino acid methionine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aminoacyl tRNA synthetase |
|
Definition
attaches a specific amino acid via a high energy ester bond to the A terminus (CAA) of a tRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also called, acceptor stem. It is a sequence of three amino acids CAA. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase binds specific amino acids to the A terminus of the CAA sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
signal-recognition particle, that binds to the ER signal sequence. SRP then targets the nascent protein-ribosome complex to the ER membrane by binding the SRP receptor on the membrane. |
|
|
Term
| cotranslational translocation |
|
Definition
| The transport of most secretory proteins into the ER lumen begins while the protein is still being translated (synthesized) and is still bound to the ribosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that cleaves the signal sequence after it passes through the translocon channel into the ER lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LDL receptor Insulin receptor growth hormone receptor Influenza HA protein receptor C-terminus of the cytosolic side N-terminus on the lumen side Has a signal sequences that targets the protein to the ER membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N-terminus on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane C-terminus on the lumen side of the ER membrane No signal sequence present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cytochrome P450 C-terminus on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane N-terminus on the lumen side of the ER membrane No signal sequence present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glucose transporters Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels ABC small molecule pumps C and N terminus have various orientations, and have multiple signal anchor sequences, thus multiple transmembrane alpha helices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cleaves precursor protein and transfers in to a performed GPI anchor |
|
|
Term
| Membrane and soluble proteins that have been synthesized on the ER can undergo 4 types of post-translational modifications: |
|
Definition
Glycosylation Formation of disulfide bonds ( occurs only in ER) Folding and assembly of multisubunit proteins (only in ER) specific proteolytic cleavages (occurs in ER and Golgi Complex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the addition of carbohydrate moieties to proteins can be O-linked or N-linked oligosaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are carbohydrate chains that are covalently attached to proteins via thehydroxyl group of serine or threonine |
|
|
Term
| N-linked oligosaccharides |
|
Definition
| are carbohydrate chains covalently attached to proteins through the amide nitrogen of asparagine. Longer and more complex carbohydrate chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein disulfide isomerase transfers the disulfide bond and has the ability to change the bonds to help form the correct folding of the protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure fo many proteins. These covalent bonds form between two cysteine residues in the same or different polypeptide chains. In eukaryotic cells, disulfide bonds are only formed in the lumen of the rough ER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chaperone involved with protein import to mitochondrial matrix, its job is to keep the protein unfolded so it can get into the membrane of the matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| translocon outer membrane, this is the general import pore where the import receptor transfers the protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Translocon inner membrane, once protein travels through Tom40, it passes through Tim40 into the mitochondrial matrix. Hsc70 is found in the matrix and keeps the protein unfolded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the N-terminus on the precursor protein that binds to the import receptor located on the outer membrane of the mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Matrix processing protease |
|
Definition
| enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix responsible for cleaving the target sequence from the protein |
|
|
