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Cell Bio - Test 1
You will probably fail
14
Biology
Undergraduate 4
02/09/2009

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Term
"Non-coding" "anti-sense" strand
Definition
during transcription, RNA polymerase II reads the anti-sense strand to synthesize pre-mRNA
Term
pre-mRNA is a ________ copy of the DNA template (anti-sense) strand
Definition
complementary
Term
Structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA

General Characteristics:
Definition
-Single Stranded 5' to 3' molecule
-Initial for of pre-mRNA (in eukaryotes)
-pre-mRNA has introns removed to form mRNA (splicing)
-mRNA carries triplet codons for amino acid sequence
Term
Structure of transfer RNA

General Characteristics:
Definition
1. Highly folded, small cytoplasmic RNAs (80 bases long)
2. Bind amino acids (64 different tRNAs)
3. Anti-codon sequence complementary to codon of mRNA
4. Required for protein synthesis
Term
Structure of transfer RNA

Structure:
Definition
1. Intramolecular base pairing important for structure
2. Anticodon at one end of "cloverleaf" with amino acid bound to other end
Term
Structure of ribosomal RNA

General Characteristics:
Definition
1. rRNA genes found in nucleus
2. Transcribed exclusively in nucleolus
3. Exit nucleus to form ribosomes in cytoplasm
4. Polyribosomes are site of protein synthesis in cytoplasm
Term
MicroRNAs

General Characteristics:
Definition
1. Double stranded mRNAs cannot be translated
2. Caenorhabditis elegans major experimental organism
3. By introducing dsRNA into cells discovered that cells have mechanism for controlling translation (protein synthesis)
4. A major breakthrough in molecular genetics and cell biology
Term
RNAi
Definition
1. ss antisense RNA inhibits translation (no surprise)
2.ds RNA inhibits translation 10x better (big surprise)
3.Dicer enzyme (endonuclease) cleaves dsRNA into shorter oligonucleotides
4. Shorter dsRNAs associate with proteins -> RNA induced silencing complex (RISC)
5. Anti-sense strand of dsRNA binds mRNA
a. Endonucleases in RISC cleave mRNA -> no translation
b. May not always be 100% inhibition (knockout versus knockdown)
Term
Two results of RNAi work:
Definition
a. A lot of scientists started working on C. elegans
b. Cell biologists started using RNAi in cultured cells (gene knockout or knockdown)
Term
Three steps required for gene expression
Definition
a. Transcription of DNA to produce pre-mRNA
b. Processing of pre-mRNA to produce mRNA
c. Translation of mRNA into polypeptide
Term
Transcription occurs in the ________
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Translation occurs in the _________
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
5’ Flanking Sequences contain:
Definition
-CAAT and TATAA boxes (promoter -sequences)Other regulatory sequences (cis elements)
Term
Exons are...
Definition
coding sequence information for protein
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