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Cell Bio 2
Lecture 2
50
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/05/2012

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Term
A bacterial cell is 30% chemicals, 70% water. What are those 30% chemicals?
Definition
Ions, small molecules (4%), Phosopholipids (2%), DNA (1%), RNA (6%), Proteins (15%), polysacchrides (2%)
Term
What elements are most prominent in the human body? In order of percent of abundance?
Definition
H, O, C, N
Term
1H
Definition
H-bonds
Term
6C
Definition
Basic form of life
Term
7N
Definition
Every protein has an amino group (amino acids)
Term
8O
Definition
We need it for life.
Term
Covalent Bonds
Definition
Sharing electrons.
Term
4 Types on non covalent interactions
Definition
Ionic, Hydrogen bonding, van der waals forces, hydrophobic force
Term
Sugars, Amino Acids and nuclotides are molecules that are ________ attached atoms.
Definition
Covalently
Term
Subunits of macromolecules (examples)
Definition
Sugars, amino acids, nucelotides
Term
Macromolecules (examples)
Definition
Globular proteins, RNA
Term
Macromolecules of assemblies (example)
Definition
ribosomes
Term
Example of a covalent bond
Definition
H2 bonds, which have to be just right.
Term
Polar covalent bonds
Definition
Denotes unequal sharing. (piggy)
Term
Non covalent bonds (importance and attraction)
Definition
Makes the world go round, interactions are transient, some are stronger than others, some when you have multiples the attraction adds up.
Term
Ionic Bonds, who does it? What kind of attraction, between what molecules?
Definition
Salts do it, electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged molecules. NaCl
Term
Ionic bonds create what kind of ions?
Definition
Positive and negative
Term
Hydrogen Bonds strength?
Definition
weak, but strength in numbers
Term
Van Der Waals attractions, optimal distance
Definition
have to do with the distance b/w the nuclei of atoms that are close together. OD- where atoms are repulsed equally, and this changes constantly as the electrons fly around in orbit. This point is called VDW equilibrium.
Term
Hydrophobic forces? Polar likes____? Non Polar molecules?
Definition
nonpolar molecules will tend to stay together- push out the water. Polar likes polar, share partial charges. Non-polar molecules want to minimize their interactions with water.
Term
Molecules that can go either way on water?
Definition
Amphiphillic or amphoteric.
Term
Subataomic particles --> Atoms -->____
Definition
amino acids, lipids, sugars, nucleotides
Term
Four families of carbon compounds
Definition
Sugars, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Nucleotides
Term
Sugars or Carbohydrates
Definition
(CH2O)n
Term
[image]
Definition
Sugar
Term
Carbon Containing compounds that store energy where?
Definition
in their C-H and C-OH bonds
Term
Monosaccharides are linked by...?
Definition
glycosidic alpha or beta 1,4 bonds.
Term
Sugars provide what? as? Also for _____support.
Definition
Energy, used to store energy as glycogen and starch, mechanical.
Term
Carbohydrates modifications of proteins and lipids are important for
Definition
Cellular functions.
Term
Fatty Acids
Definition
Long hydrocarbon chains with an acidic group on one end.
Term
[image]
Definition
Hydrocarbon chain with an acidic group
Term
Fatty Acids and Phospholipids
Definition
Store energy and provide building blocks for cellular membranes
Term
[image]
Definition
phospholipids
Term
Hydrophyllic head
Definition
Polar group/ phosphate/ glycerol
Term
Nucleotides
Definition
Nitrogen containing ring connected to a ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA) sugar
Term
Nucleotides uses
Definition
Store energy, storage and retrieval of biological information
Term
[image]
Definition
Ribose structure
Term
2' Carbon of ribose
Definition
determines whether DNA or RNA
Term
3' Carbon of nucleotide sugar is important....
Definition
for the addition of next nucleotide to the chain
Term
5' Carbon will have....
Definition
phosphate groups
Term
Phosphate of Nucleotides
Definition
Gives DNA/RNA negative charge, stores energy in phosphoanhydride bonds.
Term
A Nucleotide Bases
Definition
Adenine, binds with Thymine Purine.
Term
T Nucleotide bases
Definition
Thymine, binds with A Pyrimidine
Term
G Nucleotide Bases
Definition
Guanine, binds with C. Purine
Term
C nucleotide Bases
Definition
Cytosine, binds with G. Pyrimidine
Term
Substitute for T in RNA
Definition
U, Uracil, binds with A. Pyrimidine. One ring of nitrogen.
Term
Purines
Definition
Have 2 groups of nitrogen bases and 2 groups of nucleotide bases.
Term
Pyrimidines
Definition
one ring of the nitrogen bonds.
Term
Phosophodeister reaction
Definition
a result of a condenstion reactionn
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