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| A bacterial cell is 30% chemicals, 70% water. What are those 30% chemicals? |
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Definition
| Ions, small molecules (4%), Phosopholipids (2%), DNA (1%), RNA (6%), Proteins (15%), polysacchrides (2%) |
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| What elements are most prominent in the human body? In order of percent of abundance? |
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| Every protein has an amino group (amino acids) |
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| 4 Types on non covalent interactions |
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Definition
| Ionic, Hydrogen bonding, van der waals forces, hydrophobic force |
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Term
| Sugars, Amino Acids and nuclotides are molecules that are ________ attached atoms. |
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Definition
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| Subunits of macromolecules (examples) |
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Definition
| Sugars, amino acids, nucelotides |
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| Macromolecules (examples) |
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| Macromolecules of assemblies (example) |
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| Example of a covalent bond |
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Definition
| H2 bonds, which have to be just right. |
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Definition
| Denotes unequal sharing. (piggy) |
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Term
| Non covalent bonds (importance and attraction) |
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Definition
| Makes the world go round, interactions are transient, some are stronger than others, some when you have multiples the attraction adds up. |
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Term
| Ionic Bonds, who does it? What kind of attraction, between what molecules? |
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Definition
| Salts do it, electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged molecules. NaCl |
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Term
| Ionic bonds create what kind of ions? |
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Definition
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Definition
| weak, but strength in numbers |
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Term
| Van Der Waals attractions, optimal distance |
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Definition
| have to do with the distance b/w the nuclei of atoms that are close together. OD- where atoms are repulsed equally, and this changes constantly as the electrons fly around in orbit. This point is called VDW equilibrium. |
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Term
| Hydrophobic forces? Polar likes____? Non Polar molecules? |
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Definition
| nonpolar molecules will tend to stay together- push out the water. Polar likes polar, share partial charges. Non-polar molecules want to minimize their interactions with water. |
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Term
| Molecules that can go either way on water? |
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Definition
| Amphiphillic or amphoteric. |
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Term
| Subataomic particles --> Atoms -->____ |
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Definition
| amino acids, lipids, sugars, nucleotides |
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Term
| Four families of carbon compounds |
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Definition
| Sugars, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Nucleotides |
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| Carbon Containing compounds that store energy where? |
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Definition
| in their C-H and C-OH bonds |
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Term
| Monosaccharides are linked by...? |
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Definition
| glycosidic alpha or beta 1,4 bonds. |
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Term
| Sugars provide what? as? Also for _____support. |
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Definition
| Energy, used to store energy as glycogen and starch, mechanical. |
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| Carbohydrates modifications of proteins and lipids are important for |
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Definition
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Definition
| Long hydrocarbon chains with an acidic group on one end. |
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| Hydrocarbon chain with an acidic group |
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| Fatty Acids and Phospholipids |
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Definition
| Store energy and provide building blocks for cellular membranes |
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| Polar group/ phosphate/ glycerol |
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| Nitrogen containing ring connected to a ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA) sugar |
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Definition
| Store energy, storage and retrieval of biological information |
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| determines whether DNA or RNA |
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Term
| 3' Carbon of nucleotide sugar is important.... |
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Definition
| for the addition of next nucleotide to the chain |
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Definition
| Gives DNA/RNA negative charge, stores energy in phosphoanhydride bonds. |
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Definition
| Adenine, binds with Thymine Purine. |
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Definition
| Thymine, binds with A Pyrimidine |
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| Guanine, binds with C. Purine |
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| Cytosine, binds with G. Pyrimidine |
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| U, Uracil, binds with A. Pyrimidine. One ring of nitrogen. |
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Definition
| Have 2 groups of nitrogen bases and 2 groups of nucleotide bases. |
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Definition
| one ring of the nitrogen bonds. |
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Definition
| a result of a condenstion reactionn |
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