PLASMA MEMBRANE

Outer layer of the cell; composed mainly of lipids and proteins 

CYTOPLASM 

Colloidal suspension that fills cell

Holds cell contents

NUCLEUS

Large, dark - staining body near the center of the cell; composed of DNA and proteins

Contains the chromosomes with the genes

NUCLEOLUS

Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein

Needed for protein manufacture 

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Network of membranes in the cytoplasm

Used for storage and transport; holds ribosomes 

RIBOSOMES

Small bodies attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein

Manufacture proteins

MITOCHONDRIA

Large organelles with folded membranes inside

Convert energy from nutrients into ATP

GOLGI APPARATUS

Layer of membranes

Put together special substances such as mucus

LYSOSOMES

Small sacs of digestives enzymes

CENTRIOLES

Help separate the chromosomes in cell division 

CILIA 

Short, hairlike projections from the cell

Create movement around the cell

FLAGELLUM

Long, whiplike extension from the cell

Moves the cell

PROPHASE

• Chromosomes condense and become visible
• Spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes
• Nuclear envelope breaks down
• Nucleolus disappears

METAPHASE

• Mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell
• Chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate
• Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles

ANAPHASE 

• Cohesin proteins binding the sister chromatids together break down
• Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled toward opposite poles
• Non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell

TELOPHASE

• Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondenese
• Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes 
• The mitotic spindle breaks down