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| what determines a protein's three dimensional structure? |
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| what determines the function of a protein? |
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| global folding into domains |
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| assemblies of multiple proteins |
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| amino acid containing an SH moeity as part of the R group. -CH_2-SH |
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Definition
| amino acid that functions as a joint or pivot point and has an R group of one H. -H |
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Definition
| reaction that results in the creation of water amongst other products. (eg forming peptide bonds in amino acid chains) |
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Definition
| covalent bond between the amine and carboxyl moeities that results in a condensation reaction |
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| A S-S bond between two nearby cysteines. Cysteines remain reduced in reducing environments like the cytoplasm. Disulfide bonds form readily in oxidizing environments (eg Extracellular space and Interior of many organelles) |
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| what drives secondary structure? |
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Definition
| local folding caused by hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
| natures tendency from order to disorder in isolated systems |
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Definition
| the most important forces driving protein folding and membrane formation. the tendency of hydrophobic molecules to cluster together |
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Term
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Definition
method for determining the 3D structure of a protein.
1) turn protein into a rock (crystallize)
2) blast it with x-rays
3) use the resulting diffraction pattern to determine an electron density map
4) thread the primary sequence through the electron density map |
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Term
| lateral flow immunochromatography |
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Definition
| test for the presence or absence of a target molecule (anthrax/pregnancy tests) |
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Definition
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Definition
| the pH at which a proteins net charge is zero |
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Definition
| a porous polymer, the voids in which are filled with a fluid |
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Definition
1) a pH gradient is created in a gel
2) a protein sample and electric field are applied
3) The proteins migrate through the gel until they reach a pH where they are uncharged
4) the pH where they come to rest is their pI |
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Definition
| a porous polymer, the voids in which are filled with a gas |
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Definition
| a process to separate molecules according to their charge and mass |
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| sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) |
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Definition
| a detergent that unfolds the protein |
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Definition
| process that separates molecules according to their mass |
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| 1/12th the mass of a carbon 12 atom |
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Definition
| recognizes and binds only to the protein of interest |
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Definition
| recognizes and binds to all primary antibodies from a given species |
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Definition
| adding something to a chromatography column that will make your protein come out of the solution |
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| immune response directed against normal bodily cells |
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| a functional disturbance or pathological change of several peripheral nerves simultaneously |
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| substance capable of inducing an immune response |
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| a self protein that is recognized as an antigen in autoimmune disease |
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Definition
| a discrete part of an antigen that is antigenic. There can be many epitopes / antigen |
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| A protein that binds tightly to specific epitopes for identification and elimination. |
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Definition
| A systemic allergic reaction (as opposed to a localized allergic reaction) |
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| Cells divide and become more numerous |
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Definition
| A cell becomes more specific in its structure and function |
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| to respond to a wide array of antigens |
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Definition
| can respond to the one antigen that is present rather than all antigens |
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Definition
| for previously encountered antigens to give a faster response on subsequent encounters. |
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| An enzyme system in the blood that can directly kill some foreign cells |
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Definition
| specific anitbodies bind to and "inactivate" antigens |
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Definition
| non-specific antigens that are the first line of defense and are able to take care of some antigens |
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| Cells respond directly and actively to eliminate antigens |
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phagocytosis
chemical attack on bacteria and other foreign objects |
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| meshwork of newly formed actin fibers in motile cells (neutrophils) |
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| cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane |
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| the "vesicle" in which the object resides following phagocytosis |
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| antigen display (aka antigen presentation) |
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Definition
| the antigen is captured and shown to the antibody for judgement |
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Definition
| cells that deal with cell mediated immunity |
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Definition
| cells that deal with humoral immunity |
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Definition
| the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms |
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Definition
| macrophage-like cells with long spike- and sheet-like protrusions that are antigen-presenting cells |
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Definition
| take up and process microbial antigens in the skin |
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Definition
| a receptor whose ligand is an antigen |
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| scavenger and mannose receptors |
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Definition
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| large molecules, that exist in some bacteria, that are one of the molecules that form the basis for innate immune response |
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Definition
| help discriminate between different types of pathogens |
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Definition
| a triggering molecule (in this context, it is a protein that activates a receptor to trigger an immune response) |
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Definition
| the ligand must fit the receptor |
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| cells that fight exterior substances (T cells and B cells) |
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| containing two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains |
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| antibodies cross-linked with antigens can form a precipitate |
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| antibody and antigens bind together to form a chain or other linked structure |
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