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| rapid, transient, self-propagating electrical signal in the plasma membrane of a cell such as a neuron or muscle. a nerve impulse |
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| movement of a molecule across a membrane driven by ATP hydrolysis or another form of metabolic energy |
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| long thin nerve cell process capable of rapidly conducting nerve impulses over long distances so as to deliver signals to other cells |
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| an aqueous pore in a lipid membrane, with walls made of protein, through which selected ions or molecules can pass |
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| membrane transport protein that carries out transport in which the transfer of one molecule depends on the simultaneous or sequential transfer of a second molecule |
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| driving force that causes an ion to move across a membrane. caused by differences in ion concentration and in electrical charge on either side of the membrane |
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| transmembrane protein or protein complex that forms a water filled channel across the lipid bilayer through which specific inorganic ions can diffuse down their electrochemical gradient. |
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| an ion channel that opens when it binds a small molecule such as a neurotransmitter |
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| voltage difference across a membrane due to a slight excess of positive ions on one side and of negative ions on the other. a typical membrane potential for an animal cell plasma membrane is -60mV (inside negative), measured relative to the surrounding fluid. |
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| membrane transport protein |
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Definition
| any protein embedded in a membrane that serves as a carrier of ions or small molecules from one side to the other |
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| Transmembrane carrier protein, found in the plasma membrane of most animal cells, that pumps Na+ out of and K+ into the cell, using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis |
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| quantitative expression that relates the equilibrium ratio of concentrations of an ion on either side of a permeable membrane to the voltage difference across the membrane |
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| the ending of an axon from which signals are sent to adjoining cells, usually at a synapse |
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| cell with long processes specialized to receive, conduct, and transmit signals in the nervous system |
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| small signaling molecule secreted by a nerve cell at a chemical synapse to signal to the postsynaptic cell. examples include acetylcholine , glutamate, GABA, and glycine. |
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| net movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane driven by a difference in concentration of solute on either side. the membrane must be permeable to water but not to the solute molecules |
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| pressure that must be exerted on the low solute concentration side of a semipermeable membrane to prevent the flow of water across the membrane as a result of osmosis |
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| the movement of a small molecule or ion across a membrane due to a difference in concentration or electrical charge |
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| technique in which the tip of a small glass electrode is sealed onto a patch of cell membrane, thereby making it possible to record the flow of current through individual ion channels in the patch |
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| membrane protein that allows the selective entry of specific ions into a cell and is opened by mechanical force |
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| specialized junction between a nerve cell and another cell (nerve cell, muscle cell, gland cell) across which the nerve impulse is transferred. in most synapses the signal is carried by a neurotransmitter, which is secreted by the nerve cell and diffuses to the target cell. |
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| small membrane-enclosed sac filled with neurotransmitter that releases its contents by exocytosis at a synapse. |
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| membrane protein that transports ions or molecules across a cell membrane |
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| membrane protein that selectively allows ions such as Na+ (carried by the voltage-gated Na+ channel) to cross a membrane and is opened by changes in membrane potential. found mainly in electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle. |
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