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CEE 3369B
Materials for Engineering - Chapter 1
24
Civil Engineering
Undergraduate 3
02/02/2013

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Term
What are the Seven Steps in the modern manufactoring of Portland Cement
Definition
  1. Raw material Storage
  2. Raw Material Grinding
  3. Raw Material Blending
  4. Raw Material Pre-Heating
  5. Raw Material cooking in Kiln
  6. Clinker Storage/Cooling
  7. Gypsum addition
  8. Cement Grinding 
  9. Cement storage/loading
Term
what are the 4 Raw materials for concrete
Definition
Limestone, Sand, Clay and Iron ore
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
Reactions in Kiln
before the burning zone and in the burning zone
Definition
Before the burning zone their is the formation of C2S from free lime and silica

In the burning Zone: combination of C2s annd free lime to from c3s
Term
What happens when gypsum is added in the kiln
Definition
4-6% is added to regulate the setting time of concrete and to improve shrinkage and strength development properties
Term
Reactions in kiln

4 points about Impurities
Definition
-Impurities exist in clinker (MgO, Alkalis(Na20 and K2O, sulfates)
- They lower the melting temperature & improve combination of lime
- Their incorporation in silicates IMPROVES STRENGTH
- BUT CAN cause durability problems
Term
what is Type 1 Concrete or GU
Definition
Normal - General uses - 90% of used cement
Term
Type 2 concrete or Type MH and Type 5 or Type LH concrete
Definition
Type 2 - is Moderate Sulfate Resistance Lower C3A (7.5%)

Type 5 - is High Sulfate Resistnace Lower C3 A (3.5)

C3A is Tricalcuim Aluminate
Term
Type 3 Concrete or Type HE
Definition
Type 3 is High Early Strength and is the result of being ground finer
Term
Concrete Type 4 or Type LH
Definition
Is Low Heat of Hydration

Delayed reaction, low heat generated
Term
Masonry Cement
Definition
Specifically formulated for use in Masonry mortars

Includes limits on max air content and min strength
Term
Oil Well Cement
Definition
- for use in high temp and pressure down hole ( for exposure up t 120 degrees and 140 MPa
Term
Finely - Ground Cements
Definition
Ultra fine cements
- ground very fine for use in grouting into fine soil or thin rock fissures

- to stabilize in place materials to provide strength for foundations
Term
Expansive cement
Definition
[image]
Term
what is TRIcalcuim Silicate
Definition
TRIcalcuim Silicate is C3S and combines with other components of the raw mix to form 4 principal compounds about ( 90%) of cement by mass
Term
[image]
Definition
Term
Particle Size and Fineness
- what shape do particles have?
- what percentage of particles are smaller then 45 microns?
- what is the average particle size?
- what is the average overall particle size distribution for modern concrete?
Definition
- Individual ANGULAR particles with a range of sizes
- 85%-95%
- the average particle size is around 15 microns
- 370 m2/kg
Term
what is the implication for having finer particle sizes in your concrete?
Definition
Finer = particle size means faster hydration, more heat generation

higher early strength, less long term gain
Term
Setting behavior

what time period is the initial set

what is the final set time period
Definition
initial set 1 to 4 hours

final set 3 to 6 hours
Term
what is a false set?
Definition
rapid setting without much heat liberation can be remixed
Term
what is a flash set?
Definition
Very rapid setting with significant heat liberation, cant be remixed (to much gypsum)
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