Term
| Ball and Socket joint (2 facts) |
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Definition
1.) Are the most mobile type of joint in your body
2) They allow you to swing your arms and legs in many different directions. |
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Definition
| in your neck -allows you to turn your head from side to side. |
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Definition
| In Thumbs only. May rock back and forth and side to side BUT -Limited rotation. |
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Definition
| such as the joint at the base of your index finger, allow bending and extending, rocking from side to side, but rotation is limited. |
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Definition
-Knee and Elbow
-enable movement similar to the opening and closing of a hinged door. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Think Spine) Other joints, such as those between the vertebrae in your spine, which are connected to each other by pads of cartilage, can only move a small amount. |
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Term
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Definition
-occur between the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments.
-Some of the bones in your wrists and ankles move by gliding against each other. |
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Term
| L1: Phonology (Study of phonemes?) and Phoneme |
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Definition
| The smallest unit of sound capable of changing meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of transferring info from one party to another |
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Term
| Language details (name 4) |
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Definition
| Cannot be momeized, meaning is instead interpreted through systematic rules. ///Tool for communication. ///internally consistent in mode (Spoken or sign)///Potential for infinite number of combo's allowing for new utterances (infinite utterance combo's :) |
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Term
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Definition
(signs are in between the concept in your head and something in reality)
Symbol
Icon
Index |
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Term
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Definition
| rules which refer to rules governing the pairing between the object and its representation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rules governing how language is used appropriately to context |
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Term
| Form examples and formal rules |
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Definition
| a.) phonology morphology and syntax, b.) rules governing the STRUCTURE of language |
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Term
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Definition
| formal rules described at different "tiers"/Levels of the utterance |
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Term
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Definition
| Word order and parts of speech |
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Term
| morphology (what is a morpheme). Same question: Phonology/Phoneme |
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Definition
| Morpheme:Smallest unit of sound WITH meaning Phoneme: Smallest unit of sound capable of changing meaning. |
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Term
Speech: (Ask her)
A commincative even involving the implementation of verbal language:
Sender encodesacoustic signaltransmissionetc. |
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Definition
Speech:
A commincative even involving the implementation of verbal language:
Sender encodesacoustic signaltransmissionetc. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the audiology and pathology of speech production and the acoustical characteristics of speech sound. |
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Term
| L2: Language V. Speech (Define each) |
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Definition
Language: Language is a rule-governed system used for communication
Speech is a conversion of language to sound. |
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Term
| Gap between competence and performance |
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Definition
Competence: our ability to express ideas language/What we know linguistically.
Performance: How well we physically speak our words/what comes out of mouth. |
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Term
Thought: X,Y,or Z. and:
1.) Can we think w/o a language? |
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Definition
| A.) Image action or language, b.) Although it is apparent that we can think without any formal language, it is equally apparent that those who do know a language use it to aid their thinking. |
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Term
| Most thinking involves _____? |
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Definition
| ->Language. Although there are Different ways to think, images, senses, etc. We even talk to self. Talking to ourselves, children talking to selves while playing |
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Term
| Examples of Thought without language |
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Definition
| Aphasia, feral/wild children (No linguistic input), deafness with non-"signing" guardian/parents. |
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Term
Thought and language (2 thoughts:)
Language _____'s thought? Also _____ |
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Definition
| "impacts". "Language appears to reflect cognitive development" |
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Term
| Language as Carrier for Thought: Linguistic determinism, ___-____ Hypothesis vs. language as a reflection of ______ |
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Definition
| "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis V. Lang as a "..a reflection of cultural attitude" |
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Term
| Influences of language structure on cognition.... Many different names and words for Crayola crayons. Without the different names would we recognize differences in color? Give the example used in class. |
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Definition
| Yes, Mayan (no words for left and right) vs. English speaking elephant, pig, sheep… after turning 180 degrees and asked to reset, the Mayans made a mirror image and the English speaker set it up in relation to themselves (left to right). |
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Term
| The critical period in language development is a hotly debated topic: Nature (called "_____ness" from "___") V Nurture, ____ Conditioning "Founded by" Ivan ____. and also ___ Conditioning by B _ ______" |
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Definition
| "Innateness", Chomsky"///"Classical" "Pavlov"/// "Operant by BF Skinner" |
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Term
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Definition
| See pic TBD (2 overlapping circles). |
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Term
| 1/2 Funny Phonology examples from class and what is a phoneme? |
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Definition
Phonemes: the smallest unit of sound that has the capacity to affect meaning
“Congratulations Mr. President on your recent erection!” (vs. election)
Electricity vs. electric kitty |
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Term
| Language-specific _______ rules dictate the ____ features of the output |
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Definition
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Term
| The weakness of traditional phonology is? |
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Definition
| That it attempts to describe speech sound overlap (coarticulation) as the result of mental operations (i.e. following an explicit phonological system) instead of considering the physicality of what happens when vocal tract configuration moves from one shape to another |
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Term
| Describing speech sound overlap (coarticulation) as result of mental operations instead of physicality w/ vocal tract Is the ____ of traditional phonology? |
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Definition
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Term
| Articulatory phonology by B_____&G____ proposes that the units of ____ are the ___ Units. |
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Definition
| units of action (such as gestures) are the "phonological" units. The lexical items are considered to be constellations of gestures (can be expressed as gestural score) |
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Term
| Strength of Articulatory phonology? Explains _____ |
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Definition
| Explains coarticulation/coordination of multiple articulators working simultaneously for a cohesive end-product |
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Term
| Weakness of articulatory phonology? |
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Definition
| Weakness: doesn’t explain how individuals with anatomical abnormalities interfering with speech production (ex. cleft palate) still acquire comparable awareness of native language phonology. |
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Term
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Definition
| word described in terms of the gestures made in the vocal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| word described in terms of the gestures made in the vocal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| the abstract phonemes need to be translated into units of action |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of life that can be classified independently as having life |
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Term
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Definition
| irritability; they react to stimulants (or stimulus?) |
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Term
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Definition
| Undergo changes over time |
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Term
| What are the 3 anatomical planes and define (easy trust me) |
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Definition
saggital (or medial)
coronal (or frontal)- bisects into ventral and dorsal
transverse (or horizontal) |
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Term
| What are the 3 anatomical planes and define (easy trust me) |
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Definition
saggital (or medial)
coronal (or frontal)- bisects into ventral and dorsal
transverse (or horizontal) |
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Term
Anatomical Location pairs: MATCH!
ventral/____
Anterior/____
Superficial/_____
superior/_____
Cranial/______
External/_____
Medial/_____
Promixal/____
Central/_____ |
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Definition
Dorsal
posterior
deep
inferior
caudal
internal
lateral
distal
peripheral |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the structure of organisms and the relations of their parts |
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Term
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Definition
| the science dealing with the functions of living organism or their parts |
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Term
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Definition
| take in materials from environment and use |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to generate more of itself |
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Term
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Definition
| move without outside force |
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Term
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Definition
| take in materials from environment and use |
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Term
| How many cells in the human body? A= 10^X power...what is X? |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular Organisms have ____ cells as opposed to ___ cells |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic as opposed to prokaryotic |
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Term
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Definition
| colonies of cells similar in structure and function |
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Term
| Epithelial tissue: Distinctive features |
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Definition
distinctive features: liner tissue; dense
epithelial tissue proper
epidermis
mucous membranes |
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Term
_____ tissue:
_____ tissue:
BOTH are ___ and ___ to allow things to pass through
Endo->Lining of: V Meso Lining of: |
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Definition
1-endothelial.
2-mesothelial.
Smooth and slippery
Endo: Blood vessal walls Meso: Primary body cavities. |
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Term
| Connective Tissue: Distinctive features: |
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Definition
fibrous (structure) tissue
loose- loose; irregular network of cells
dense- caliginous or elastics
tendons- muscle to bone
Ligaments-Bone to bone |
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Term
| Special tissue: Cartilage (3 types) and ____ |
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Definition
Types: (hyaline, elastic, fibrous)
"bone" |
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Term
| Muscular tissue: Distinctive features: |
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Definition
distinctive features:
contracts
smooth- primitive; involuntary
striated- voluntary; skeletal
cardiac
nervous
vascular |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a networked system of specialized cells (mostly neurons and glial cells) that transmit information |
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Term
| Central nervous system contains the ___ and the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Review: One unit in the muscle that repeats itself=___, interactions bw ___ and ____ makes muscle contract. During contractions there is no ____ z____, -actin and myosin ____. 4.) H Zone, (when muscle is in a relaxed state. |
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Definition
| 1. sarcomere. 2.Actin and myson 3. H Zone, Overlap |
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Term
| The nervous system refers to a networked system of specialized _____'s mostly neurons and glial ___'s that transmit info. |
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Definition
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Term
| LOOK ON SLIDE FOR (9/12/11) structure of typical neuron. |
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Definition
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Term
| Made up of cell ____ with projections known as ____'s coming off of it |
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Definition
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Term
| Glial cells are the _____ cells in a neuron for example the S______ cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Bw shwann cells are the ____'s of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___'s are just bundle of neurons being either afferent or efferent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-End goal of muscle contraction for movement (motor nerves)
-Afferent ---->More peripheral (Sensory) |
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Term
| MS=neurological diseases in which ____ is deteriorated |
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Definition
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Term
| Dendrites receive info from neighboring ___'s in form of ____ transmitter |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS (May want to look at pic) contains these 5 aside from brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
Forebrain
Midbrain
hindbrain
myencephalon
metencephalon |
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Term
| ___ signal shot down neuron |
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Definition
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Term
| ___'s exit through axons in axon terminals |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ matter (in?) cell bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ matter (in?) myelinated axons |
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Definition
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Term
| Dendrites receive info in the form of neurotransmitter sets off ___ ____ to get ___ potenial out of _____ getting electro____ signal show down neuron |
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Definition
| chain reaction electrochemical -chemical |
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Term
| Diagram/cortical areas involved in speech/lang: (7) (FROM quiz. ignore.) |
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Definition
| (wernicke’s area, primary visual cortex, broca’s area, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, arcuate fasciculus |
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Term
| parts of a neuron (Name 7) (FROM quiz. Ignore) |
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Definition
| dendrite, soma, axon, terminal bouton, myelin, nodes of ranvier, axon hillock. |
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Term
| Color code diagram in slides: Fore mid and hind brain. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Has many connections to the cortical -gray matter- area of cerebrum via connections to the pons (corticopontine tract). |
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Term
| Figure 9.23 major features of the cerebellum (on slides) |
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Definition
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Term
Parts of Cerebrum:
Sulcus:
Gyrus:
Insular lobe:
Central sulcus
Lateral Sulcus |
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Definition
Sulcus-Furrows, or indenations
Gyrus- outward convolutions
insular lobe is a patch of cortex folded into the deep lateral sulcus
central sulcus- bw frontal and parital lobe
lateral sulcus-bw frontal and temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| language loss impairing expressive language “word salad” although comprehension is in tact |
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Term
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Definition
| patches of cortex relevant to speech |
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Term
| Basic, unconscious (for the most part) and life-supporting functions are associated with |
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Definition
| structures deep in the brain, and volitional/conscious activities are more to the surface |
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Term
| Reflexive, quick response-type movements tend to be associated with |
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Definition
| inferior structures; closer to limbs (ex. response to pain… pull hand away from hot burner then realize its painful) |
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Term
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Definition
| speech and language; temporal reasoning; details, analytical, logical and rational “can’t see forest because of the trees”; stroke to left hemisphere might provoke aphasia and right body paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| visual-spatial reasoning; contextual reasoning; bigger picture; instinct; language pragmatics |
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Term
Split brain experiments
Joe from video got procedure split brain procedure to prevent epilepsy
Drawing, naming, faces, etc.
(Confusing) |
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Definition
Split brain experiments
Joe from video got procedure split brain procedure to prevent epilepsy
Drawing, naming, faces, etc. |
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Term
| Cerebral cortex 3 facts (one-Support cells) 2 in relation to skull, 3 Brodmans areas. |
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Definition
Contains 15 billion nerve cells and 50 billion glial (support cells)
Lobes are named locationally (in relation to the skull) rather than functionally--- it’s not based on patches of cells with similar architecture (that’s what Brodmann’s areas are for) |
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Term
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Definition
The designation of patches of cortex dedicated to innervating areas of the body are uneven
The hands, face, and tongue especially receive a larger distribution of cortex |
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Term
| Left hemisphere controls ___ motions of body and vice versa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| divides right and left sides of brain |
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Term
| Cerebellum, Traditional view V past 3 decades knowledge of it. |
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Definition
Traditionally, the cerebellum was only implicated in motor control, motor coordination, timing of motor movement, and concept learning.
Over the past 3 decades, it has become clearer that the cerebellum also controls and coordinates cognition and emotional affects. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System is divided into ___ ___ and ___ nerves |
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Definition
| Visceral spinal and cranial. |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains homeostasis of internal organs (Homeostasis=Regulation of internal environment for a stable constant condition. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Production of observable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| regulation of systems to maintain a state of health |
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Term
Autonomic Nervous system:
Sympathetic=
Parasympathetic= |
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Definition
=More reactive to environment; flight or fight; heightened sense of awareness under stress; for survival.
=complement to sympathetic; takes care of bodily needs during baseline/normal life eg. digestive system |
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Term
| PNS is divided into ____ and __ and ___ nerves |
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Definition
| Visceral, spinal, cranial nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| maintains homestatsis of internal organs |
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Term
| cranial nerve 3 Facts: Includes _ (number) cranial nerves. Branch directly off ___ and ___. and ALL ___'ed |
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Definition
| 12, brain and brainstem, All PAIRED. spinal nerves come off spine- |
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Term
Breakdown of nerves:
OOOTTAFAGVAH |
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Definition
Olfactory-smell
optic-sight
Occculomotor-Eye movement
Trochlear-Eye movement
Trigeminal-Eye,nose,face surface Sensation and motor to mastication muscles
abducens-Eye movement
facial-sensation tot tongue/velum, motor to face
vestibocochulear- Hearing and balance
glossopharyngeal-sensation and motor to pharynx and velum
vagus-sensation and motor to larynx, viscera, tongue
accessory-motor to pharynx larynx velum, neck
hypoglossal- motor to tongue, neck muscles. |
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