Term
| The average or collective state of the Earth's atmostphere at any given area or location within a specified period is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which study of climatology may (or may not be) climatically representative of a general region? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which climatic element becomes espeically important in desert areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| The temperature of an area depends on latitude, distribution of incoming and outgoing radiation, nature of the surface (land/water), altitude and... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most commonly used climatological parameter is the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The NWS computes temperature and precipitation norms using a record period of how many years? |
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Definition
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Term
| The extreme highest and lowest values for any given meterological element recorded at a place of observation is known as the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The highest and lowest values for any given meterological element that has occured over a particular period is known as the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of frequency distributions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thunderstorm occurences are an example of... |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of deviation used most often in meterological studies is the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Seasonal temperature difference in the middle and high latitudes are caused by the... |
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Definition
| differences in the length of the day and the angle at which the sun's rays reach the earth's surface |
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Term
| What sets the air in motion, tending to develop a general pattern of motion all over the Earth? |
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Definition
| Latitudinal differences in the Earth's heating. (unequal heating) |
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Term
| Regarding the influence of latitude on air circulation, the air at low latitudes... |
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Definition
| expands vertically and usually moves poleward, the air at high latitudes shrinks vertically and moves toward the equator. |
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Term
| Coastal areas take on the tempterature characteristics of the land or water... |
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Definition
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Term
| Rome, Italy and New York City are at approximately the same latitude, yet Rome has much milder winter climate. What factor is most responsible for this? |
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Definition
| East-West orientation of the Alps |
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Term
| What two general topographic features have the greatest affect on the climate of an area? |
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Definition
| Altitude and mountain barriers |
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Term
| Which pressure centers are major climatic controls affecting climate? |
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Definition
| Semi-permanent pressure centers |
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Term
| The semi-permanent lows are often a reflection of... |
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Definition
| a series of migartory lows moving through a given region on monthly mean charts. |
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Term
| The principle cause of the surface ocean currents is the... |
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Definition
| the frictional effect of wind. |
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Term
| Upwelling is the process by which... |
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Definition
| subsurface water is displaced toward the surface. |
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Term
| What are the two fastest ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
| Kuroshio System and the Gulf Stream |
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Term
| The Gulf Stream System is made up of the... |
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Definition
| Florida Current, the Gulf Stream, and the North Atlantic Current |
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Term
| The northern extension of the Gulf Stream is called the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Although it is a high latitude, the climatic region of northwestern Europe has a somewhat moderate temperature in the winter. This is due to the... |
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Definition
| effects of the North Atlantic Current |
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Term
| Which North Atlantic Current is similar to the Kuroshio Current in it's flow and climatological influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two best clues for locating the North Pacific Current? |
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Definition
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Term
| The current that warms the temperature of southern Alaska in the winter and the current that cools the west coast of the United States in the spring and summer are branches of the... |
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Definition
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Term
| In the fall, upwelling along the California coast gives way to a countercurrent that flows northward along the coast to about 48 degrees latitude. What is the name of the countercurrent? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the southern hemisphere, surface ocean circulations are much the same as in the northern hemisphere, except that the circulations move... |
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Definition
| counterclockwise in response to the winds around the subtropical highs. |
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Term
| Which statement reflects the relationship between open land and forest on wind speed at the same altitude? |
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Definition
| Open land wind speed are higher |
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Term
| What is the effect of large human settlements on temperatures? |
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Definition
| Daily maximum and minimum temperature are higher |
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Term
| If the boundaries of the Hot Belt are determined by given isotherms, the width of the zone... |
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Definition
| Increases over the continents. |
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Term
| A climatic province that is classified as humid mesothermal by Koppen is the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Koppen's climate classification is based mainly on temperature, precipitation amount, and season of maximum precipitation. These elements were selected primarily because of their effect on... |
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Definition
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Term
| Thornthwaite's classification of climates places a great deal of emphasis on the effectiveness of precipitation, which is the relationship between precipitation and... |
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Definition
| evaporation at a certain place |
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Term
| Trewartha's climatic classification states that mountainous (highland H) climates are difficult to group climatologically due to added... |
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Definition
| Vertical dimension, atmospheric conditions change markedly |
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Term
| An area has a stationary air mass over its coastline and the land surface is warmer than the sea surface because of radiational heating. In what direction do local winds blow. |
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Definition
| From water to land during the day from land to water during the night |
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Term
| What type of modified air mass is observed over India and Burma during the winter monsoon season? |
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Definition
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Term
| The equivalent chill factor depends on the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The heat index depends on the |
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Definition
| Temperature and relative humidity. |
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Term
| Heating degree-days and the mathematical difference between 65F and the...? |
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Definition
| Average daily temperature |
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Term
| What temperature is used as a constant in the equation for computing cooling degree-days? |
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Definition
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Term
| What climatological product is produced to provide professional engineers with useful information in the design and maintenance of buildings |
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Definition
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Term
| The MODCV computer program displays conditional and unconditional probabilities for selected ceiling and visibility thresholds out to...? |
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Definition
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Term
| As a general rule, which of the following climatological products is reviewed prior to issuing any forecasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What size of an area do macroscale system influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of analysis covers an area of sufficient size to identify systems affecting a forecaster's area of operation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is false concerning the classification of systems |
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Definition
| Local winds, temperatures, and clouds are not influenced by mesoscale systems. |
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Term
| Which of the following a synoptic system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a mesoscale system? |
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Definition
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Term
| A synoptic or mesoscale weather pattern, which affects the weather at a particular location defines |
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Definition
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Term
| What often determines the name of a synoptic weather regime? |
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Definition
| Developmental region and system type. |
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Term
| What software developed by AFWA outputs weather regime information on weather patterns all over the world? |
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Definition
| Meterological Technical Information Program |
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Term
| Which of the following information is not available via the Meterological Technical Information Program? |
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Definition
| Specific regime forecasting checklists for every weather unit in conus. |
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Term
| This analytical process involves analyzing at the largest scale first, then focusing downward to the smallest scale. |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects does the zonal index have on the speed and movement of synoptic systems? |
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Definition
| A low zonal index would cause systems to slow down and move from the north to the south. |
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Term
| What affects does the amplitude of the long wave trough or ridge have on surface systems? |
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Definition
| A large amplitude long wave trough would cause a low located ahead of it to deepen due to the strong convergence |
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Term
| Which of the following products are considered standard for detecting the longwave pattern? |
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Definition
| Satelitte water vapor analysis, 5-wave analysis chart, and 500 mb hemispheric charts. |
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Term
| How is synoptic regime information categorized? |
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Definition
| Geographical region, long-wave pattern, and surface features |
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Term
| Which of the following is not an example of regime specific forecating approach? |
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Definition
| Preforming standard isobaric analysis of surface charts as outlines by routine station procedures. |
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Term
| Suggested time spent intterogating different atmospheric scales are... |
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Definition
| 10% Macro, 30% Synoptic, %60 Mesoscale and Local |
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Term
| What two steps are followed to document your synoptic analysis on a forecast worksheet? |
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Definition
| Identification and interrogation |
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describes the first verification in the VIV process? |
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Definition
| Compare the previous 12-hour forecast positions with the 00-hour forecast positions for the same time. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describes the second verifitcation in the VIV process? |
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Definition
| Compare the 12-hr forecast positions with the analysis of real time data for the same time, such as METSAT analysis. |
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Term
| Which part of the forecast worksheet is used to record forecast justification for each weather element in a forecast? |
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Definition
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Term
| This US weather region receives the greatest amount of precipitation? |
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Definition
| Northwest Pacific Coast Area |
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Term
| This US weather region is dominated by a cold high in the midwinter that prevents storm systems from moving into it? |
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Definition
| West Central Intermountain Area |
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Term
| Which US weather region is an area of storm track convergences? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Atlantic Ocean modifies weather along the east coast of Canada by keeping the east coast... |
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Definition
| summers cooler and winters warmer than inland regions. |
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Term
| What mountain chain separates France from Spain and how is it oriented. |
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Definition
| Pyrenees; oriented east to west. |
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Term
| India encounters an abundance of precipitation (425 inches or more) annually due to the... |
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Definition
| Southwest monsoon and associated onshore flow |
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Term
| What is the most important climatic element in africa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What region of Africa averages the most rainfall annually? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the forecast review? |
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Definition
| An after-the-fact review of the observations, analysis, and forecast aid that were available to the forecaster. |
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Term
| What is a forecast seminar? |
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Definition
| A presentation developed and performed by weather personnel for the purpose of giving or discussing weather information |
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Term
| Forecast reviews will generally fall under the following four categories... |
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Definition
| Forecast evaluation, failed to follow forecast procedures, outstanding forecast, and a significant weather event. |
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Term
| Which of the following would be useful for testing and developing a new forecast technique? |
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Definition
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Term
| The best method to present weather information to unit personnel is in a forecast... |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would you expect predominately wet, cloudy, and relatively warm winter weather in Canada? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is important to remember when compiling surface chart data for forecast review or study? |
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Definition
| Reanalysis is required to determine the accuracy of the NWS analysis |
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Term
| A chronological list of weather events and their potential causes would best define what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How will the event scenario be used in the process of independently verifying the data? |
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Definition
| To investigate each potential cause to a weather episode and determine its contribution. |
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Term
| How can the process of determining the root cause of a weather episode differ for a review versus a study? |
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Definition
| Developing a review requires you determine the root causes missed in your original reasoning, while a study requires you to present all the causes in your documentation. |
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Term
| In documenting a forecast review, the purpose of providing a synoptic description is to... |
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Definition
| Provide an introduction and rough guide to the synoptic discussion. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the forecast review if the causes of the weather are imperfectly known? |
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Definition
| To help build a database that can be used to improve knowledge and understanding of the event |
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Term
| What is the most important section of the documented forecast review? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the three part arrangement that most communication follows? |
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Definition
| Introduction, body, conclusion |
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Term
| What is the underlying purpose of having audio-visual aids in a forecast seminar presentation? |
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Definition
| To help relay your message. |
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Term
| What is the best way to get over being uncomfortable speaking in front of people? |
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Definition
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