Term
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Definition
Facial Nerve
Sensory and Motor
-Sensory fibers for taste; parasympathetic fibers to glands
-Motor fibers to muscles of facial expression
-Bell's Palsy is characteristic of damage
-Upper nucleus provides bilateral innervation of the upper half of the face
-Lower nucleus provides contralateral innervation of the lower half of the face
-Motor nucleus located in the pons |
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Term
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Definition
Extrapyramidal
Parkinson's
Short rushes of speech
Monopitch, monoloudness
Imprecise consonants
Reduced overall loudness
Inappropriate silences |
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Term
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Definition
Trigeminal
Sensory and Motor
-General sensation from face, mouth, tongue, and teeth
-Motor for muscles of chewing (temporalis, masseter and pterygoid)
-Damage may cause some loss of sensation on the same side
-Difficulty with speech and chewing
-Motor nucleus located in the pons |
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Term
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Definition
Multiple Motor Systems
ALS =
Severe harshness
Marked hypernasality
Extremely slow
Labored
Nearly complete disruption of prosody
Grossly defective articulation
MS=
Speech may be normal,ataxic,or spastic/ataxic
Harshness
Impaired control of loudness
Defective articulation
Wilson's Disease=
Reduced stress
Monopitch, monoloudness
Tremor
Rigidity
Similar to Parkinson’s but no short rushes of speech |
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Term
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Definition
Vagus
Sensory and Motor
-Extremely important as it also helps innervate the heart
-Sensory fibers supply the base of the tongue and the supraglottic area
-Superior and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal branches are motor for the larynx
-Larynx is critical in protecting airway during swallowing, nucleus in the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Sensory and Motor
-Predominantly sensory but some motor fibers
-Taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
-Some motor supply to the pharyngeal musculature and velum
-Nucleus located in the medulla |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lower Motor Neuron
Bell's Palsy, Bulbar Palsy
Myasthenia Gravis, Muscular Dystrophy, Poliomyelitis
Phonatory and resonatory weakness
Imprecise consonants
Nasal air emissions
Continued breathiness
Audible inspirations
Marked hypernasality |
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Term
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Definition
Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron
CVA
Imprecise consonants
Irregular articulation breakdowns |
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Term
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Definition
Upper Motor Neuron
Multiple CVAs, Pseudobulbar Palsy, Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Strained-strangled
Harsh voice
Reduced stress
Imprecise consonants
Low pitch
Slow rate
Some hypernasality |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Acoustic
Sensory
Hearing, sense of balance |
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Term
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Definition
Extrapyramidal
Quick: Huntington's Disease, Tourettes
Sudden variations in loudness
Imprecise consonants
Sudden tic-like barks, growls,coprolalia
Slow: Athetosis, Drug induced Dyskinesias, Dystonia
Phoneme and interval prolongation
Highly variable characteristics
Articulatory inaccuracy
Prosodic excess
Unsteady loudness
Tremor: Organic voice tremor
Involuntary, rhythmic alterations in pitch and loudness
Some complete voice stoppages |
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Term
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Definition
Hypoglossal
Motor
Motor supply to muscles of the tongue
Motor nucleus in the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
Cerebellum
Cerebellar and Friedrich's Ataxia, Ataxic Cerebral Palsy, Toxic Effects, Cerebellar CVA
Phoneme and interval prolongation
Harsh voice
Excess and equal stress
Excess loudness variation
Dysrhythmia of speech
Syllable repetition |
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Term
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Definition
Accessory (Spinal Accessory)
Motor
-Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, however these muscles are alos supplied by spinal nerves
-Difficulty shrugging shoulder on affected side and turning the head toward the other side, sometimes seen following laryngectomy
-Motor nucleus located in the medulla |
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