Term
Define Neoplasia
(2 points) |
|
Definition
1) Excess uncoordinated growth
2) Does not resolve after evocative stimuli is removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parenchyma = functional tissue
Stroma = supportive (connective) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells projecting away from an epithelial surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cavity lined with cells containing fluid or air |
|
|
Term
| What does papillary mean? |
|
Definition
nipple-like
(synonymous with polyp) |
|
|
Term
| What does pedunculated mean? |
|
Definition
| Pedunculated - attached by a stalk (ie in reference to a polyp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polyp whose base is its widest part (no peduncle) |
|
|
Term
Adeno-
refers to which tissue of origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a cystic component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a fibrous component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a lymphoid component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| referring to blood components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle, generally (smooth & skeletal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| referring to squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cartilaginous component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Carcinoma |
|
Definition
Malignant
Epithelial origin |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Adenoma |
|
Definition
benign
Glandular epithelium |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Fibroma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Lymphoma |
|
Definition
Malignant
Lymphoid component |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Leukemia |
|
Definition
malignant
Hematogenous component |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
myoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
papilloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Sarcoma |
|
Definition
malignant
Mesenchymal origin |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
myeloma |
|
Definition
malignant
Bone marrow component
(specifically, implying bone marrow cells) |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
lipoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
-blastoma |
|
Definition
malignant
denoting immature cells |
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Angioma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign or Malignant?
Melanoma |
|
Definition
malignant
from melanocytes |
|
|
Term
| What type of malignancy is lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| solid tumor of lymphoid origin |
|
|
Term
| what is the danger of a lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| progression to leukemia (circulating) |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of tissues with mesenchymal origin |
|
Definition
Synovium
Fat
Muscles
Bones
& fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of differentiation? |
|
Definition
| Greater differentiation indicates less cancer potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tumor with two or more histologic patterns of growth |
|
|
Term
| Microscopically normal cels that grow in an abnormal location: ______ |
|
Definition
Heterotopia
-not neoplastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A growth of normal cells in an abnormal location
(ie Meckel's diverticulum)
Not Neoplastic |
|
|
Term
| Can a heterotopia be neoplastic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Focal overgrowth of cells in their normal location: ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Are Hamartomas considered neoplastic?
Why or why not? |
|
Definition
Yes they are (though they weren't always).
Hamartomas contain clonal patterns of translocations |
|
|
Term
| At what point does the appearance of hamartomas indicate a likely predilection towards cancer? |
|
Definition
| When 7 or more appear in a patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A lack/loss of differentiation and maturation.
Indicative of a malignant neoplastic process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree of resemblance of cells to normal mature cells of their origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which cells have progressed towards a differentiated state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atypical changes in nuclei and cytoplasm that are considered 'pre-neoplastic'.
The degree of Dysplasia correlates to the risk of cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a tumor described with no metastatic potential? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cellular replication and survival exceeds cellular death, the result is ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between rate of tissue growth and degree of differentiation? |
|
Definition
| fast growth correlates with poor differentiation |
|
|
Term
| Describe 'cohesive expansion' |
|
Definition
| Growth of cells remains in one unit, not mixing with neighboring cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of a tumor's capsule? |
|
Definition
| Capsules tend to preclude local infiltration |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of basement membranes in tumors? |
|
Definition
| Benign tumors have basement membranes |
|
|
Term
| In which neoplasms would necrosis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an 'in situ carcinoma'? |
|
Definition
| a carcinoma arising from epithelium without breaching the basement membrane |
|
|
Term
| Why is it dangerous for unencapsulated tumors to increase in size? |
|
Definition
| invasion of nearby vessels will increase odds of metastasis |
|
|
Term
| what is the significance of tumor heterogeneity? |
|
Definition
| Heterogeneity is directly related to a tumors ability to metastasize |
|
|
Term
| what is the likelihood of 'in situ' carcinoma metastasis? |
|
Definition
| Zero. By definition, 'in situ' carcinomas have no access to vasculature. |
|
|
Term
| What is a 'secondary neoplasm'? |
|
Definition
| a tumor arising from a metastasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "ie - within the peritoneum" |
|
|
Term
| What is lymphatic spread? Hematogenous spread? |
|
Definition
| spread by lymph or blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
| Describe expansion's relation to metastasis |
|
Definition
Metastasis cannot occur through expansion (expansion implies no breaking away of tissue)
Expansion can increase access to vessels |
|
|
Term
| What 5 steps must a malignancy follow to metastasize? |
|
Definition
1) Bind to laminin
2) Produce collagenase
3) Break through membrane
4) Invasion into ST
5) Break into vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of freely movable tumor? |
|
Definition
| suggests benign process - no local infiltration |
|
|
Term
| Under which circumstances can a benign tumor invade or metastasize? |
|
Definition
| None. By definition, a benign tumor does not invade or metastasize |
|
|
Term
Well differentiated
(Benign or Malignant?) |
|
Definition
| Cannot say. Both can be well-differentiated. |
|
|
Term
| what do nuclear abnormalities (& atypia) suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased mitosis suggests ________ |
|
Definition
| malignancy - especially when the 'mitotic figures' are not clearly in one stage or the next (rushed mitosis) |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for a tumor to have a fixed position? |
|
Definition
| likely local invasion via outgrowths (anchoring it in place) |
|
|
Term
| What are tumor giant cells? |
|
Definition
| Large multinucleate cells indicative of malignancy |
|
|
Term
| hemorrhage from a tumor indicates _______ |
|
Definition
malignant growth
(growth outstrips blood supply growth - also leads to necrosis) |
|
|
Term
| functional alteration indicates ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| p. 6 "significant functional alteration" |
|
Definition
|
|
