Term
| 23 serotypes account for _______% of __________ infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Gr+ lancet-shaped diplococci |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Strep Pneumo virulence factors |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Atypical: generally patchy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bile (or deoxycholate) soluble |
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Definition
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Term
| When does Strep pneumo become invasive? |
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Definition
A: In children <5 with severe illness such as
-Cancer
-Renal Disease
-Splenectomy
-Transplant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Staph aureus' aerotolerence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Q: Agent of most soft tissue infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection of Staph aureus is due to ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| If 2 BCX are + for _________, PT has a ___% risk of _______ (with ___% mortality if present). |
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Definition
| If 2 BCX are + for Staph aureus, PT has a 50% risk of ACUTE INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS (with 100% mortality if present). |
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Term
| Best prevention for SA transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pneumonia presentation with Staph aureus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) |
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Term
| How typical is pneumonia from fruity organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal reservoir for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa)? |
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Definition
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Term
| **Mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Highest mortality (just of necrotizing pneumonias?) |
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) morphology |
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Definition
| GNR, motile, capsule possible, |
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) respiration |
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Definition
| fermentor, facultative anaerobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Green pigment from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blue pigment from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) |
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Term
| Function of Pyoverdin and Pyocyanin? (incl. sp.) |
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Definition
| Iron sequestration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) |
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Term
| Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa): |
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Definition
1) Pyoverdin - Iron (fluorescent)
2) Pyocyanin - Iron 3) Exotoxin A (AKA Exoenzyme A) - ADP-Ribosyltransferase action 4) Proteases/Elastases 5) Slime Layer |
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Term
| ADP-Ribosyltransferase is present in which 2 compounds? |
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Definition
Diphtheria Toxin, &
Exotoxin A (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) |
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Term
|
Definition
1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa)
2) ? |
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Term
| Presentation of P. aeruginosa pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Rapidly fulminant consolidation - high mortality |
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Term
| Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance patterns |
|
Definition
Ceftazidine-resistance common (MDR)
Resistance includes:
-Ceftazidime & Cefepime
-cipro
-imipenem
-piperacillin
Susceptibility: TOBRA (Aminoglycosides) |
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Term
| K. pneumoniae lab diagnosis |
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Definition
| GNR, Fac. Anaerobe with capsule, Oxidase negative, Mucoid colony morpholgy |
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Term
| K. pneumoniae risk factors? |
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Definition
| Usually HAP - 50% immunocompromised PTs Comorbidities include: -Diabetics with UTI -Bacteremia/Meningitis in neonates -Liver abscesses + meningitis or ophthalmitis |
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Term
| Does Kleb pneumoniae have a capsule? |
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Definition
| Yes - Polysaccharide (causes mucoid appearance of colonies) |
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Term
|
Definition
1) K. pneumoniae
2) MTB
3) Nocardia |
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Term
| Most virulent K. pneumoniae capsules? |
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Definition
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Term
| # of different K. pneumoniae capsules? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Current jelly appearance? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Agents of Chronic Pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory Isolation recommended |
|
Definition
1) P. aeruginosa
2) K. pneumoniae |
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Term
| ** Describe K. pneumoniae resistance patterns |
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Definition
Panresistant (CRKP)
-Cefepime & Imipenem? |
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Term
|
Definition
Pneumonia: 50%
Bacteremia: 100% |
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Term
| Acinetobacter (A. baumanii) Lab diagnosis |
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Definition
| GNCB (appear diplococci), non-motile, aerobic, Oxidase negative, Fermentation negative |
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Term
| Pneumonia presentation of Acinetobacter (A. baumanii) |
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Definition
CAP & HAP (VAP!)
Infections also include Endocarditis, Meningitis, Peridontitis, Osteomyelitis, Endophthalmitis, UTIs, Skin infections, wound infections. |
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Term
| Describe resistance patterns of Acinetobacter (A. baumanii) |
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Definition
Easily acquire resistance genes.
---------
>1/3 are resistant
Carbapenems are the effective Tx |
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Term
| H. influenzae (Type B) lab diagnosis |
|
Definition
| Small GNR, fastidious (CO2 on chocolate), oxidase positive(+), |
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Term
| Typical presentation with Hib? |
|
Definition
Tracheitis, AECB, AECOPD
Pneumonia after viral infection |
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Term
| H. influenzae (Type B) is where? |
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Definition
| Initially on mucosal surfaces, but may become invasive. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| L. pneumophilia laboratory diagnosis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Facultative intracellular organisms: |
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Definition
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Term
| Predisposing factors for L. pneumophilia |
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Definition
1) Age
2) alcohol abuse
3) Heart disease
4) smoker
5) chronic disease
6) Age
7) Immunosuppression |
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Term
| Reservoir for L. pneumophilia |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Walking pneumonia can be caused by |
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Definition
| M. pneumoniae, U. urealyticum, |
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Term
| Smallest cellular organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| M. pneumoniae lab diagnosis |
|
Definition
| fastidious, requiring long incubation |
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Term
| Transmission of M. pneumoniae |
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Definition
| Direct contact and inhalation of aerosols |
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Term
| How infectious is M. pneumoniae? |
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Definition
| Not very. Usually only infecting closed populations under stress. |
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Term
| Predominance of Mono/Macroph indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lab incubation of M. pneumoniae takes ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dx of M. pneumoniae based on _____? |
|
Definition
1) CXR
2) Cx (special medium)
3) Serology (DFA/IFA/"Cold aggultinins") |
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Term
| What should M. pneumoniae be treated with? |
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Definition
| 1) Macrolides ("-mycin") 2) Tetracycline 3) Quinolones |
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Term
| __-__% of sexually mature women are colonized with ____________. |
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Definition
| 40-80%, with U. urealyticum&parvum |
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Term
| Children typically infected with U. urealyticum&parvum by which means? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease process results in children infected with U. urealyticum&parvum |
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Definition
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Term
| How does U. urealyticum&parvum typically present? |
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Definition
| Coughing and wheezing child of infected mother |
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Term
| Cx site for U. urealyticum&parvum? |
|
Definition
Mom: Vaginal (or from urine)
Child: Throat |
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Term
| Tx for U. urealyticum&parvum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lab diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
| (small GNR) - slow growing in cell Cx. |
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|
Term
| How does Chlamydia normally present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an Elementary body? |
|
Definition
| The infectious particle of a Chlamydia infection |
|
|
Term
| What is a reticulate body? |
|
Definition
The Replicative particle of a Chlamydia infection.
Obligate intracellular particle. |
|
|
Term
| How long is the incubation period for Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlamydia trachomatis by vertical infection causes: |
|
Definition
| Pneumonia and Conjunctivitis (or just one) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Taiwan associated Respiratory Disease
(Chlamydia pneumoniae) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Micro-Immuno-Fluorescence |
|
|
Term
| Systems that can be complicated by Chlamydia |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic necrotizing pneumonia is most often from which type of respiratory organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common neoplastic pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Primary squamous carcinoma |
|
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Term
| Signs of Chronic necrotizing pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Prolonged onset, fever, chills, night sweats,
Anorexia, weight loss, pleuritic chest pain
Solitary cavitating lesion on CXR |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Fac intracellular pathogen
Obligate AEROBE |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Human to human (only host/reservoir) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1) Mycolic acids
2) Cord factor (Trehalose dimycolate) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Immunosuppression is commonly the trigger to activate latent infections. |
|
|
Term
| Where will MTB replicate after inhalation (as dusts/aerosols)? |
|
Definition
| Often lungs, but anywhere where oxygen is present (usually within the macrophages) |
|
|
Term
| What causes the lesion in pulmonary TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is latent TB diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Dx by ppd or quantiferon test. |
|
|
Term
| What response is a positive PPD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Will quantiferon be positive with BCG vaccine? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
| No. Quantiferon tests for proteins only made by MTB, not by BCG. |
|
|
Term
| Fastest way to conclusively detect MTB in lab? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol |
|
|
Term
| reservoir of Actinomyces israelii? |
|
Definition
Human mouth & GI
Female repro |
|
|
Term
| Lab diagnosis of Actinomyces israelii |
|
Definition
Branching, filamentous Gram Positive or variable,
Facultative Anaerobe (ANACx) |
|
|
Term
| Risk for Actinomyces israelii pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Male, Tobacco and alcohol use,
Poor oral hygiene, oral trauma |
|
|
Term
| How does Actinomyces israelii get to pathogenic sites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Actinomyces israelii pneumonia present? |
|
Definition
Abscesses with sinus tracts and sulfur crystals.
(Can also infect skin, bones, lower GI, brain, other organs) |
|
|
Term
| Tx of Actinomyces israelii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Nocardia asteroides stain? |
|
Definition
| Filamentous appearance, variable AFB/Gram positive |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Nocardia asteroides |
|
Definition
| Opportunistic, facultative intracellular bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| How is Nocardia asteroides transmitted? |
|
Definition
NOT person to person
Environmental source + CMI supression |
|
|
Term
| Which factors increase risk of Nocardia asteroides infections? |
|
Definition
CMI Suppression
Lymphoma
Other pulmonary problems
Males affected most |
|
|
Term
| How is Nocardia asteroides spread? |
|
Definition
First by environment
Second by hematogenous spread |
|
|
Term
| How does Nocardia asteroides present? |
|
Definition
Purulent lesions WITHOUT GRANULOMA formation
Nodular masses
Can be acute to chronic
Can infect other tissues (ie skin) |
|
|
Term
| Tx of Nocardia asteroides? |
|
Definition
| Bactrim or Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Reservoir of Non-TB Mycobacteria? |
|
Definition
Environment & Animals
(NF to some degree) |
|
|
Term
| Common strains of Non-TB Mycobacteria? |
|
Definition
M. kansasii
M. fortuitum
MAC |
|
|
Term
| Length of latency of Non-TB Mycobacteria |
|
Definition
| No latency or reactivation |
|
|
Term
| diagnosing PT's Non-TB Mycobacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx of Non-TB Mycobacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
