Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CCJS 350 Final
Terms and Definitons
48
Other
Undergraduate 3
12/12/2008

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Designer Drugs
Definition
Lad-made drugs designed to avoid existing drug laws.
Term
How much do Americans spend on illegal drugs each year?
Definition
65 Billion Dollars
Term
How much does federal, state, and local law enforcement spend to enforce drug laws.
Definition
40 Billion Dollars
Term
How many drug addicts are there in the U.S?
Definition
5 Million
Term
Since 1980 drug overdose deaths have gone in which direction? More or Less.
Definition
540% more.
Term
MTF
Definition
Monitoring the future project. It found no longer is there a gender gap in drug abuse. The most dangerous transition period for kids is 13-14 years. By age 17, 70% have been offered drugs.
Term
Alcohol horror figures
Definition
Every day, 13,000 teens take their first drink. Teens that drink before age 14 are four times as likely to be dependent on alcohol in their adulthood. 3,000 teenage motor vehicle deaths are alcohol related.
Term
Tobacco Horror Figures
Definition
90% of adult smokes started before the age of 18. Each day 4,000 teens try their first cigarette. 440,000 tobacco related deaths each year.
Term
Marijuana figures
Definition
56% of teens report marijuana use by the age of 14.
Term
Drug Related Deaths
Definition
More deaths occur each year as a result of overdose on prescription drugs than overdose on Cocaine or Heroin.
Term
How Family Factors into Drug Abuse
Definition
There is a very high correlation between all forms of abuse, divorce, and parental conflict with drugs.
Term
How Genetics Factor into Substance Abuse
Definition
There is a high correlation of alcoholism within families. Alcohol dependence is twice as high in identical twins as it is in fraternal twins.
Term
Problem Behavior Syndrome Consists of:
Definition
Delinquent Friends, No Social Controls, Poor School Performance, Dysfunctional Family, and Unemployment
Term
Drug Use and Delinquency
Definition
60% of male delinquents test positive for marijuana use. 30% of female delinquents test positive for marijuana.
Term
Drug Treatment Strategies
Definition
Therapuetic Communities, Mult-systemic therapy, Outpatient Drug Free Programs, Balanced Restorative Justice.
Term
Cost of Juvenile Delinquency
Definition
Workers in the field earn 80k to 325k yearly. The violent crimes of juveniles end up costing us 158 billion.
Term
History of Juvenile Crime Prevention
Definition
1930's we functioned under "Social Disorganization Theory", in the 1950's we functioned under the "Social Structure Theory"
Term
Early Onset & Prevention
Definition
Focus on Risk Factors, Home Based Programs, Parenting Skills Programs, Daycare Programs, Preschool Programs.
Term
Late Onset Prevention Methods
Definition
Mentoring Programs, Alternative/After School Programs, & Job Training.
Term
Most Effective Prevention Programs
Definition
Pre-natal and Infancy Home Visitation, Life Skills Training, Family Therapy
Term
Obstacles of Prevention Programs
Definition
Ethical concerns about early intervention, Labeling and stigmatization associated with participants in such programs. Long Delay before results can be seen.
Term
Effects of Urbanization
Definition
Rapid population growth, Immigration, Growth of urban areas, Puts more young people at risk of crime, Families lose ability to control children's behavior.
Term
Child Saving Movement
Definition
Established by Quakers, Started with The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism (1816), Focus was on "dysfunctional" families, Courts could "commit" children to institutions.
Term
House of Refuge
Definition
Established in 1825 by Quakers, placed children in "home enviornment", funded by sin taxes.
Term
Children's Aid Society
Definition
Involved a placing out plan, 150,000 children were sent out west on Orphan Trains.
Term
Illinois Juvenile Court Act
Definition
1899: Established first Juvenile Court System, A separate cour for those under 16, Paternalistic as opposed to Adversarial, Attorneys were not required, Hearsay evidence was permitted.
Term
Key Principles of Juvenile Justice
Definition
Children should not be held accountable as adults, Objective is to Treat Not Punish, Disposition is based on specific circumstance of the child, Should Not be Complicated.
Term
Petition
Definition
A document filed in a juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile.
Term
Comments from the; Opponents of the Juvenile Justice System
Definition
Juveniles have become to violent, juveniles have the same legal rights as adults, Money spent on Courts could be spent on prevention.
Term
Comments from the; Proponents of the Juvenile Justice System
Definition
Majority of juveniles cannot afford adequate legal representation, Juveniles receive harsher sentences in adult courts, Juvenile courts act in "the best interest of the child".
Term
Community Policing
Definition
A Police Strategy that emphasizes reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order.
Term
Implications of Community Policing
Definition
Direct involvement with community, pro-active, more visibility, decentralization, encourages police to "humanize" residents of the community.
Term
In Loco Parentis
Definition
Police may take a juvenile into custody with an arrest for protection "in place of the parent"
Term
Miranda Rights for Juveniles
Definition
Juveniles have the same miranda rights as adult offenders, they are free to waive their rights without an attorney or any adult present.
Term
Statistics
Definition
1.6 million cases adjudicated annually, Drug law violations are up 169% since 1999, 76% of cases involve males.
Term
Guardian ad Litem
Definition
A court-appointed attorney who protects the interest of the child. Is considered a specialist in juvenile issues.
Term
CASA
Definition
Volunteers who provide the court with information regarding child placement issues.
Term
Public Defenders
Definition
Compensation is set at a maximum amount for each case. Problems with them include lack of resources, excessive caseload and lack of training regarding juvenile law. They take, on average, 360 cases per year.
Term
Prosecutor
Definition
Government attorney who represents the interests of the state. May have authority to transfer (waive) cases to adult court.
Term
Juvenile Court Judge
Definition
Can be either elected or appointed. Rules on pre-trial motions, Controls the flow of the trial.
Term
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA)
Definition
Established in 1974, it prohibits the placement of status offenders in secure detention centers. In 1989, the JJDPA required child and adults be kept in separate detention facilities.
Term
Bail
Definition
Most states do not allow bail for juveniles. Detention is "rehabilitation not punishment".
Term
Intake Process
Definition
Screening of cases by officials of the court to determine disposition.
Term
Usually one of 5 things happens to a detained juvenile;
Definition
1. Sent home with no further action. 2. A petition is filed against them and they are released to their parents. 3. A petition is filed against them and they are held in detention. 4. They are waived to adult court. 5. They are diverted to a social agency.
Term
How many Juvenile cases are transferred to adult courts?
Definition
Less than 1% of juvenile cases are transferred to adult courts.
Term
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Definition
The Prosecutor has the discretion to file the charge in either juvenile or criminal court.
Term
Maryland Juvenilie Statutes
Definition
You get tried as an adult if you are over 14 years of age and the crime you committed could yield the death penalty if committed by an adult. 16 if the crime is robbery or attempted robbery with a deadly weapon.
Term
CINA Hearing
Definition
Child in Need of Assistance, cases are filled when a child is in need of services or the supervision of a professional due to problem that are beyond the ability of the family to solve. Anyone can make this referral.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!