Term
|
Definition
| Lad-made drugs designed to avoid existing drug laws. |
|
|
Term
| How much do Americans spend on illegal drugs each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does federal, state, and local law enforcement spend to enforce drug laws. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many drug addicts are there in the U.S? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since 1980 drug overdose deaths have gone in which direction? More or Less. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monitoring the future project. It found no longer is there a gender gap in drug abuse. The most dangerous transition period for kids is 13-14 years. By age 17, 70% have been offered drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every day, 13,000 teens take their first drink. Teens that drink before age 14 are four times as likely to be dependent on alcohol in their adulthood. 3,000 teenage motor vehicle deaths are alcohol related. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 90% of adult smokes started before the age of 18. Each day 4,000 teens try their first cigarette. 440,000 tobacco related deaths each year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 56% of teens report marijuana use by the age of 14. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More deaths occur each year as a result of overdose on prescription drugs than overdose on Cocaine or Heroin. |
|
|
Term
| How Family Factors into Drug Abuse |
|
Definition
| There is a very high correlation between all forms of abuse, divorce, and parental conflict with drugs. |
|
|
Term
| How Genetics Factor into Substance Abuse |
|
Definition
| There is a high correlation of alcoholism within families. Alcohol dependence is twice as high in identical twins as it is in fraternal twins. |
|
|
Term
| Problem Behavior Syndrome Consists of: |
|
Definition
| Delinquent Friends, No Social Controls, Poor School Performance, Dysfunctional Family, and Unemployment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 60% of male delinquents test positive for marijuana use. 30% of female delinquents test positive for marijuana. |
|
|
Term
| Drug Treatment Strategies |
|
Definition
| Therapuetic Communities, Mult-systemic therapy, Outpatient Drug Free Programs, Balanced Restorative Justice. |
|
|
Term
| Cost of Juvenile Delinquency |
|
Definition
| Workers in the field earn 80k to 325k yearly. The violent crimes of juveniles end up costing us 158 billion. |
|
|
Term
| History of Juvenile Crime Prevention |
|
Definition
| 1930's we functioned under "Social Disorganization Theory", in the 1950's we functioned under the "Social Structure Theory" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focus on Risk Factors, Home Based Programs, Parenting Skills Programs, Daycare Programs, Preschool Programs. |
|
|
Term
| Late Onset Prevention Methods |
|
Definition
| Mentoring Programs, Alternative/After School Programs, & Job Training. |
|
|
Term
| Most Effective Prevention Programs |
|
Definition
| Pre-natal and Infancy Home Visitation, Life Skills Training, Family Therapy |
|
|
Term
| Obstacles of Prevention Programs |
|
Definition
| Ethical concerns about early intervention, Labeling and stigmatization associated with participants in such programs. Long Delay before results can be seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid population growth, Immigration, Growth of urban areas, Puts more young people at risk of crime, Families lose ability to control children's behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established by Quakers, Started with The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism (1816), Focus was on "dysfunctional" families, Courts could "commit" children to institutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established in 1825 by Quakers, placed children in "home enviornment", funded by sin taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved a placing out plan, 150,000 children were sent out west on Orphan Trains. |
|
|
Term
| Illinois Juvenile Court Act |
|
Definition
| 1899: Established first Juvenile Court System, A separate cour for those under 16, Paternalistic as opposed to Adversarial, Attorneys were not required, Hearsay evidence was permitted. |
|
|
Term
| Key Principles of Juvenile Justice |
|
Definition
| Children should not be held accountable as adults, Objective is to Treat Not Punish, Disposition is based on specific circumstance of the child, Should Not be Complicated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A document filed in a juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile. |
|
|
Term
| Comments from the; Opponents of the Juvenile Justice System |
|
Definition
| Juveniles have become to violent, juveniles have the same legal rights as adults, Money spent on Courts could be spent on prevention. |
|
|
Term
| Comments from the; Proponents of the Juvenile Justice System |
|
Definition
| Majority of juveniles cannot afford adequate legal representation, Juveniles receive harsher sentences in adult courts, Juvenile courts act in "the best interest of the child". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Police Strategy that emphasizes reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order. |
|
|
Term
| Implications of Community Policing |
|
Definition
| Direct involvement with community, pro-active, more visibility, decentralization, encourages police to "humanize" residents of the community. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Police may take a juvenile into custody with an arrest for protection "in place of the parent" |
|
|
Term
| Miranda Rights for Juveniles |
|
Definition
| Juveniles have the same miranda rights as adult offenders, they are free to waive their rights without an attorney or any adult present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1.6 million cases adjudicated annually, Drug law violations are up 169% since 1999, 76% of cases involve males. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A court-appointed attorney who protects the interest of the child. Is considered a specialist in juvenile issues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Volunteers who provide the court with information regarding child placement issues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compensation is set at a maximum amount for each case. Problems with them include lack of resources, excessive caseload and lack of training regarding juvenile law. They take, on average, 360 cases per year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Government attorney who represents the interests of the state. May have authority to transfer (waive) cases to adult court. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be either elected or appointed. Rules on pre-trial motions, Controls the flow of the trial. |
|
|
Term
| Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) |
|
Definition
| Established in 1974, it prohibits the placement of status offenders in secure detention centers. In 1989, the JJDPA required child and adults be kept in separate detention facilities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most states do not allow bail for juveniles. Detention is "rehabilitation not punishment". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Screening of cases by officials of the court to determine disposition. |
|
|
Term
| Usually one of 5 things happens to a detained juvenile; |
|
Definition
| 1. Sent home with no further action. 2. A petition is filed against them and they are released to their parents. 3. A petition is filed against them and they are held in detention. 4. They are waived to adult court. 5. They are diverted to a social agency. |
|
|
Term
| How many Juvenile cases are transferred to adult courts? |
|
Definition
| Less than 1% of juvenile cases are transferred to adult courts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Prosecutor has the discretion to file the charge in either juvenile or criminal court. |
|
|
Term
| Maryland Juvenilie Statutes |
|
Definition
| You get tried as an adult if you are over 14 years of age and the crime you committed could yield the death penalty if committed by an adult. 16 if the crime is robbery or attempted robbery with a deadly weapon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child in Need of Assistance, cases are filled when a child is in need of services or the supervision of a professional due to problem that are beyond the ability of the family to solve. Anyone can make this referral. |
|
|
