Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CCJ 101 Final
Comprehensive Final Exam
40
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2011

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Origins and details of Jails
Definition

-English

-convicts awaiting punishment

-based on the "fee system"

Term
Early Jails
Definition

-Catchalls (vagabonds, etc.)

-Industrial Revolution= dispossession and crime rates soared which lead to...(next card) 

Term
Deportment
Definition
Convicts were sent to either North America or Australia to solve surplus population problems, most never returned.
Term
Hulks
Definition
Abandoned sailing ships that housed criminals. Infamous for terrible inhumane conditions.
Term
Jail Reformation (18th Century)
Definition

-US jails reformed

-1st US jail built in James City in Viriginia
in 1600's

 

Term
Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Prison
Definition
-Goal: humane treatment instead of the group confinement, liquor sales, violence, prostitution and drunkeness.
Term
Walnut Street Jail
Definition

-Focus was more on rehabilitation

-separate wing in Philidephia jail where inmates were placed in separate cells with the essentials. (Bible)

-Called Penitentiary House (Root: Penance, atonement for sins)

-Problems: Illiteracy, most inmates developed psycholgical issues, and overcrowding

Term
Auburn Jail in NY
Definition

-Focus was punitive

-5 floors, tier design

-Congregate system= work and ate in groups

-Solitary=Punishment


Term
3 Classes within the Auburn Jail
Definition

1. Those in Solitary

2. Those allowed to work as a recreational activity

3. Largest= Those who worked and ate together

Term

Auburn Philosophy

 

Definition

-Crime Prevention through fear of punishment

-Silence is key, made uncomfortable to deter crime

Term
Walnut VS. Auburn
Definition
Rivals, but Auburn eventually won
Term
Explanation of growth in Incarceration
Definition

1. Rising crime rates=>More punitive attitude

2. War on drugs

3. Greater reliance on incarceration, community based alternatives phased out

4. Longer sentences

Term
What prisoners do we pay the most to incarcerate long term?
Definition
The elderly
Term
T/F: US has the greatest incarceration rates as a country
Definition
TRUE
Term
Racial Disparity
Definition

-60% are minorities

1 in 8 are black males

intensified by war on drugs

17 white to 663 black nonviolent drug offenders (graph in class)

Term

Jails

(Details)

 

Definition

-Short term (<1 year)

-originally for detainment

-now hold violators of probation, transfers, witnesses, etc.

-opperated at a local couty level


Term

Prisons

(Details)

 

Definition

-Long term(>1 year)

-State or Federally opperated

 -4 kinds based on security level

Term

Types of Prisons

 

Definition

1. Ultra-maximum

2. Maximum

3. Medium

4. Minimum

Term

Ultra-Max Prisons

(Details)

Definition

-Worst prisoners

-Locked up 23 hours/day

-Goal=Absolute control

-All security procautions taken

-Door vs. bars


Term

Maximum Security Prisons

(Details)

Definition

-1/4 of prisons

-tier system, watch towers armed guards, searches, head counts, etc.

Term

Medium Security Prisons

(Details)

Definition

-35% of prison population

-less serious crimes, less escape risks

-educationa dn treatment opportunities

-higher rate of residivism, or the likelihood that they will offend again

Term

Minimum Security Prisons

(Details)

 

Definition

-house white collar and 1st timers

-lots of freedoms

-guards not usually armed

-privileges allowed

Term
Explanation of INDIVIDUAL Violence
Definition

1. Importation Model= housing violent people together will lead to violence

2. Brutalization Model= dehumanizing inmates will lead them to behave like the animals they are being treated as

Term
Explanation of COLLECTIVE Violence
Definition

Inmate Balance Theory = When officials crack down

Administrative Control Theory = Caused by lack of prison management and effective security

Term
Crime Control vs. Due Process Models
Definition
Crime Control focuses on the reduction of criminal behavior, Due Process emphasizes the protection of the rights of the defendant
Term
Specialized Courts
Definition
Drug, Domestic Violence, Mental Health, Juvenile, and International
Term
Courtroom Workgroup
Definition

-illustrates how each actor work with the other actors to move cases through the courts system

-Defense attorney, prosector, and judge

Term
Case Movement through Courts
Definition
Arrested-Initial Appearance-Preliminary Hearing-Arraignment and plea-Guilty or Non guilty-Sentencing or Trial
Term

Plea Bargain

(Definition)

 

Definition
When the defendant makes a deal with the court in exchange for a charge/count reduction or a sentence reduction
Term
Charge/Count Plea Bargain
Definition
May reduce felony to misdemeanor, or reduce number of counts a person is charged with
Term
Sentence Reduction Plea Bargain
Definition
May afree to argue for a more lenient punishment
Term
Indeterminate Sentencing
Definition
Tailors sentences to the needs of individual offenders, focuses on rehabilitation and incapacitation.
Term
Determinate Sentencing
Definition
Defendant knows how long his or her sentence will be when a judge imposes it.
Term
Procedural vs. Substantive Law
Definition

Procedural= The "how" of the law that outlines procedures that government officials must follow when adjudicating defendents

Substantive= The "what" of law that describes what the law is rather than how the law should be enforced

Term
Eras of PUNISHMENT
Definition

1. Era of the Penitentiary (1800-1860)- due to the development of a formal penal system, and a reliance on incarceration.

2. Era of Reform (1870s)- emphasized treatment based on individual needs, no silence rule, introduced parole.

3. Era of Industry (1930s)- convict labor, convict leasing, labor programs.

4. Era of Rehabilitation- focused on needs of individual, less on criminal sanctions. Rehabilitation replace punitive.

5. Era of Retribution- more severe penalties and decreasing support for rehab

Term
Private Prisons
Definition

-usually owned by a private corp.

-does not make a difference in cost and effectiveness

Term
Prison Subculture and Coping
Definition

Deprivation Model- used to explain the formation of prison subcultures and adaptations to the prison environment

Pains of imprisonment- loss of liberty, deprivation of goods and services, barring of heterosexual relations, limits to prisoners autonomy, and concerns over personal security.

Importation Model- skills, experiences, and attributes that individuals bring with them into prison effects the culture and environment and that person's ability to adjust.

Term
Probation
Definition
Involves conditional supervision imposed by a sentencing court. Examples: Intensive Supervision Probation, Home Confinement, Electronic Monitoring, etc.
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