Term
| Members of the critical care transport team include |
|
Definition
| EMT, Paramedic, nurse, RT, perfusionist, and occasionally physicians |
|
|
Term
| what is the goal of critical care transport |
|
Definition
| continuous Intensive care bed-to-bed providing the same or higher level of care |
|
|
Term
True or False
There exsists a standardized curriculum for providing continuing education credits to critical care transport providers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
the majority of ambulance accidents occur when the vehicle is traveling without lights and sirens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or false
federal law requires that all emergency personnel working on the roadways must wear florescent and retro reflective vest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
the critical care transport providers must always assume responsibility and accountability for his or her actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the decision to use critical care transport is based on |
|
Definition
medical over sight
clinical judgement
logistical considerations |
|
|
Term
| although debated by historians, the first air medical transport could have occurred in what conflict? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first helicopter evacuation of a wounded soldier occurred in which military conflict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rotor wing transport is typically used for transports less than how many nautical miles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or false
air medical accidents are usually caused by a single event |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| four major contributing factors to HEMS crash as identified by the NTSB: |
|
Definition
Human Error
weather
mechanical failure
obstacle strikes |
|
|
Term
true or false
weather has frequently been found to be the primary cause of HEMS accidents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "cardinal sin" of requesting air medical transport |
|
Definition
| transporting the patient by air when they could have reached an appropriate hospital quicker by ground transport |
|
|
Term
| ___ minutes or ____minute ground transport time is considered to be the minimum to which air medical transport is beneficial to the patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what criteria is considered DEBATABLE criteria for the use of HEMS |
|
Definition
| Death of an occupant in the vehicle |
|
|
Term
| define helicopter shopping |
|
Definition
| when sequential calls are made to numerous air medical providers in an attempt to find one to take a mission when it has been declined by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 51% rule allows any crew member the right to decline a flight without fear of repercussion from administration or other crew members |
|
|
Term
| what is the ideal size for a helicopter landing zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the slope of the landing zone cannot exceed ____ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most aircraft are designed to approach the aircraft from a ____ degree angle to the doors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the "SLOW" acronym used to establish a landing zone |
|
Definition
S-size of landing zone should be 100X100
L-Landing area
O-Obstacles
W-Wind |
|
|
Term
| CAMTS standards require following by a communicator for both flight and ground transports. avaiation need to report position every ___ minutes, ground crews need to report position every____ minutes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TS standards require that a post accident incident plan needs to be implemented___minutes after a transport vehicle fails to give a position report, or is overdue to arrive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CAMTS standard require that a pilot have___ rotorcraft hours with ____hours as a pilot in charge and ____hours at night as the pilot in charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotor wing transports typically occur at altitudes less than ______feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fixed wing transports are typically used for transports greater than ____ miles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fixed wing transports can occur at altitudes up to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of test will only result in a positive when the condition is present in a patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________is the probability that a test will be negative in the absence of a disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as respirations increase what would you expect the pH to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as respirations decrease what would you expect the Hydrogen ions to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two primary acid excreting organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes a left shift (alkalosis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| your patient has a core temerature of 105 degrees, would you expect to see a right shift (acidosis) or a left shift (alkalosis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you observe lab values that show an increase in pH, a decrease in PaCO2, and no change in HCO3. based on this information, you can assume the patient is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you observe lab values that show a decrease in pH , an increase in PaCO2, and no change in HCO3. based on this information , you can assume the patient is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you are treating a patient with a suspected C2 fracture of the spinal cord. what type of respiratory compromise is the patient at risk for? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory acidosis due to decreased ventilations |
|
|
Term
| you are transporting a 24 year old body builder who overdosed on diuretics in an attempt to slim down for a competition, what acid base dysfunction would you find |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| your patient is on a transport vent. their ETCO2 is 26mmHg. what is causing this acid base disturbance? |
|
Definition
| you are hyperventiliating the patient and blowing off the CO2 |
|
|
Term
| If the HCO3 moves opposite the pH, the metabolic system is the body compensating for a respiratory or metabolic imbalance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
your patient has the following lab values:
pH: 7.43, PaCO2:60, HCO3: 32
what acid base disturbance is this? |
|
Definition
| compensated respiratory alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| your 32 year old male patient has a hemoglobin of 5. is this value high or low |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you are transporting a 25 year old female who is 72 hours postpartum. she is in full DIC what value would you expect for her platelets? |
|
Definition
| her platelets should be low |
|
|
Term
| What test measures to effectiveness of coumadin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which test would be most appropriate for determining renal function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal value for sodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you are treating a 62 year old male patient with a gastrointestinal bleed. the patients potassium is 6.5 mEq/L is this low or high? |
|
Definition
| this is an elevated potassium level |
|
|
Term
| what cardiac bio marker is considered most specific for myocardial damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is uncompensated respiratory acidosis characterized? |
|
Definition
Decrease in pH
Increase in PaCO2
no change in HCO3 |
|
|
Term
| How is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis characterized? |
|
Definition
increased pH
decreased PaCO2
no change in HCO3 |
|
|
Term
| How is uncompensated metabolic acidosis characterized? |
|
Definition
decrease pH
no change in PaCO2
decreased HCO3 |
|
|
Term
| How is uncompensated metabolic alkalosis characterized? |
|
Definition
increased pH
no change in PaCO2
increased HCO3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH:7.34-7.45
PaCO2:35-45mmHg
HCO3:22-26 mEql
Base excess -3 to +3 mmol/l
PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
SaO2: 90-100% |
|
|
Term
| what is the golden rule for ABG analysis? |
|
Definition
for every 10 mmHg of change in CO2 the pH will change 0.08 in the opposite direction.
with every change in HCO3 of 10 mEq, the PH will change 0.15 in the same direction |
|
|
Term
| sequence of ABG interpretation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures effectiveness of Coumadin
Normal: 11.2-13.2 seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1.5-2.5 in persons recieving warfarin otherwise 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1.5-2.5 in persons recieving warfarin otherwise 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evaluates renal function and hydration status.
normal: 8-20 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
waste product of protien metabolis found in urine
female normal: 0.8-1.4 mg/dl
male normal: 0.6-1.2 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| creatinine phosphate (CPK) |
|
Definition
normal: 5-35 mcg/ml
rises within 4-6 hours of AMI: peaks at 24: returns to normal in 3-4 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cardiac specific
elevated within 2-6 hours of cardiac injury:peaks in 12-16 hours
normal: <0.2-1 |
|
|
Term
| what size syringe should be used on hemodyalisis shuntsto prevent damage from excess infusion pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all medications should be flushed with ___ml of saline to avoid clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a power PICC can accomidate pressure up to ____PSI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these catheters can be single, double or triple lumen large bore catheters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SVAD (port a caths) require what kind of needle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
if a Central venous access devise is infusing sluggishly, it should be vigourously flushed with 20-30 ml of normal saline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the typical arterial line transducer will need ot be changed out every____hours. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most important reason not to let the arterial line flush bag run dry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how will it affect the readings if a transducer is placed too low |
|
Definition
| the readings will be falsely high. |
|
|
Term
| if the arterial wave form is lost, how do you check catheterpatentcy? |
|
Definition
| by attaching a 3cc syringe to the stop cock and withdrawing blood |
|
|
Term
| classic signs and symptoms of dissecting aortic aneurysm: |
|
Definition
- Flank pain
- Acute severe back pain (non-traumatic)
- sense of impending death
- "ripping" or "tearing" pain in chest |
|
|
Term
| pericarditis pain is positional |
|
Definition
worse when pt. lies flat
relieved when pt. sits forward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal 15-30 systolic
5-15 diastolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal values:
20-30 sys
0-8 dia
only seen during insertion of PA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reflects RVEDP or Preload
normal values 2-6 mmHg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Artery Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessel is occluded if pts. left ventricle (widow maker) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessel is occluded in an inferior MI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs of transfusion reaction |
|
Definition
severe symptoms similar to anaphalaxis
fever
hypotension
tachycardia
shock
DIC |
|
|
Term
| Subtle indication of a transufsion reaction include? |
|
Definition
| increased HR and body temp. |
|
|
Term
| Patients receiving large volume of whole blood should be monitored for what electrolyte balance? |
|
Definition
hypocalcemia
secondary to citric acid in whole blood binds calcium |
|
|
Term
| Who is the universal recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to RH- blood exposed to RH+ blood? |
|
Definition
| antibodies to antigens could be produced |
|
|
Term
| patients with hepatic disease may be prone to which of the following complications following massive blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications can occur up to ___ days post transfusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication can be safely added to blood bag or given IV while blood is being administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What solution is used to prime IV blood tubing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gauge IV should be used for blood administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what rate should fresh frozen plasma be administered? |
|
Definition
| as fast as patient can tolerate |
|
|
Term
| Which blood product is best suited for a patient in massive hemmorhagic shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood can not be returned to the blood bank after how long at room temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood product is typically used to improve oxygen carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is typically used to correct a coagulation factor deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WBC are responsible for protecting the body from invasion by foreign substances such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are red blood cells produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Artery diastolic pressure (PAD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Artery Pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CVP Central Venous Pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MAP
Mean Arterial Pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypervolemia
Pulmonary HTN
Cardiac Tampanode
Left Ventrical Failure |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Artery Pressure
PAP |
|
Definition
15-30 mmHg systolic
5-15 mmHg diastolic |
|
|
Term
| if transducer is higher than phlebostatic axis, what readings would you expect? |
|
Definition
| inaccurately low readings |
|
|
Term
| If transducer is lower than phlebostatic axis, what readings would you expect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Right Ventricular Pressure
RVP |
|
Definition
20-30 mmHg systolic
0-8 mmHg diastolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Left arterial pressure
- left ventricular end diastolic pressure
- normal 4-12 mmHg |
|
|
Term
| Before transporting a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter, what value should be assessed? |
|
Definition
| a current wedge pressure to confirm catheter placement |
|
|
Term
| treatment for spontaneous wedging? |
|
Definition
- turn pt on their side
- aspirate for blood return
- have pt raise arm nearest catheter and cough |
|
|
Term
| Left ventricular preload is measured by the ____ and is the same as _____. |
|
Definition
Wedge
Left ventricular end diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infusion of the pulmonary artery balloon should be no longer than ____ sec. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right ventrical pressure is measured when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes elevated CVP and RAP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal value CVP and RAP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you level the transducer? |
|
Definition
- upon insertion
- upon pt change in position
- just prior to taking a reading |
|
|
Term
| What is the phlebostatic axis? |
|
Definition
| level with right atrium at 4th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| The pulmonary artery catheter must always maintain which of the following constant flows in order to maintain patency of the line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What syringes should be used to inflate the pulmonary artery balloon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lumen measures CVP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proximal (blue) lumen measures what? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary Artery Pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important info obtained from Hemodynamic Monitoring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The catalyst that changes fibrinogen into fibrin threads is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal ICP _____
treat when > ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a pt with increased ICP, ventilate to maintain PaCO2 of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever increases respirations by ___ breaths/min for each degree of temp increase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ascending / descending pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Broncho-vesicular (around sternum) produces a _____ pitch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Want CPP to be > ___ mmHg.
Treatment should begin when CPP below ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a very significatn concern with an upper GI bleed? |
|
Definition
Esophageal varicies
Portal HTN |
|
|
Term
What is the minimum I:E ratio.
The higher you set the Peak flow, the longer your ____ time may be. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The greater the dead space, the fewer ___ that reach the Alveoli?
What can increase dead space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Balloon placement too high and too lo will cause |
|
Definition
low - comprimising renal function
high - obstruct L subcavian or L carotid artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1-2cm below origin of left sublcavian artery
above the renal artery branches |
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant cation in the blood that helps with osmotic pressure and acid base balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The value of the pletelet count tells you what info? |
|
Definition
| number of clotting factor |
|
|
Term
| These two tests are primarily used to test renal perfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diseases would you expect to see an elevated WBC in? |
|
Definition
Leukemia
infections
meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Which one would you expect to see decreased WBC in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tidal volume on ventilator |
|
Definition
| 7-12 ml/kg of ideal body weight |
|
|
Term
| What cardiac isoenzyme would you check that is specific for an MI when elevated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are depolarizing neuromuscular agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you have aerosol droplets it is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tip of the balloon will have to be above ____ and below _____ and visible between ____ and ____ intercostal space. |
|
Definition
above renal arteries
below subclavian arteries
2nd
3rd |
|
|
Term
| In IABP what are the 2 biggest timing issues you could have? |
|
Definition
| early inflation and late deflation |
|
|
Term
| if you have just droplets, you have ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hep B is ____ more times infectious than ____. Also, people who get infected with HBV can get ____ . You have ____ to get _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IABP triggers on the ART line when ____ and on the EKG ____ |
|
Definition
Art line: DN
EKG: ST segment |
|
|
Term
| HIV is a ____, and it is found in ____, _____, ____, but not found in ____, _____, _____. |
|
Definition
Virus
blood, semen, breast milk
urine, saliva, emesis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appropriate response to transfusion reaction |
|
Definition
- stop flow
- keep blood bag and tubing
- contact Dr.
- antihistimine admin |
|
|
Term
| Aids is defined as T-cell count less than ____ and have at least ____ recognized oppotunistic infection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is a waste product of protein metabolism found in urine and aids in the diagnisis of _____. |
|
Definition
creatnine
renal dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Difficult intubation mnemonic is? |
|
Definition
Look externally
Evaluate 3-3-2
Mallimpati score
Obstructions
Neck mobility |
|
|
Term
| During cardiac arrest IABP must be placed in _____ mode instead of ____ mode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temp
temp up, gas up
temp down, gas down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that gas molecules will move from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temp and pressure held constant, the relative rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square roots of the density of those gases |
|
|
Term
| Axis determinations are used for? |
|
Definition
- diagnosing ventricular tach
- diagnosing hemiblocks
- identifying pt whose infarction has become critical leading to hemodynamic instability |
|
|
Term
Dalton's Law
Dalton's Gang |
|
Definition
| The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of individual partial pressure of all the gases in the mixture |
|
|
Term
| Pt with suspected dissecting aneurysm target HR ____ and sys pressure you want between ____ and you should give ___ med. |
|
Definition
60-80
100-120
beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| Prothrombin time (PT) measures the effectiveness of _____ anticoagulant meds. Normal value is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
High and low ranges for CBC?
RBC/ Hemoglobin/ Hematocrit |
|
Definition
RBC - high 5, low 1.5
HGB - high 15, low 5
HCT - high 45, low 10 |
|
|
Term
| Three major types of antigens are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebal perfusion pressure |
|
|
Term
| Low HDL is a single predicter of what syndrome? |
|
Definition
ACS
Acute Coronary Syndrome |
|
|
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid test
high glucose with low protiens is indicitave of what type of menangitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When temp remains constant, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle's Burst Bubble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixed amount of gas at a fixed volume, pressure is proportional to temperature |
|
|
Term
| _____ and ____ monitoring do not allow for CSF drainage |
|
Definition
Subarachnoid bolt
Intraparenchymal |
|
|
Term
| ETCO2 < _____ after ____ min of CPR is generally considered a reliable indicator that resuscitation will be unsuccessful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O2 sat in TBI pt should be maintained at least ____ % and ETCO2 at _____ mmHg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right ventricle
inferior
posterior wall of left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| ____ in acute life-threatening hypermetabolic state that when excessive amounts of TH are release in pt with Thyrotoxicosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
left atrium
posterolateral wall of left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| ____ reflects pressure in the great veins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central Venous Access Cathetor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripherally inserted central catheter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cerebral
Perfusion
Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart Rate x Stroke Volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mean arterial pressure
70-100 mmHg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subcutaneous vascular access device |
|
|
Term
| to be clinically significant, ST must be |
|
Definition
> 1mm in limb leads
> 2mm in precordial leads |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte imbalance with shortened QT interval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What electrolyte imbalance presents with prolonged QT intervals and false ST changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What electrolyte imbalances present with tall, tented "T" waves |
|
Definition
| Hyperkalemia and Hypermagnesemia |
|
|
Term
| What electrolyte imbalances present with flattened T waves |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia and Hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
| How can you make posterior diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| look at anterior leads as a mirror image |
|
|
Term
| Which leads look at lateral surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leads look at septum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leads look at anterior surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leads look at right side of heart and left interior ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extreme right axis deviation |
|
Definition
down in leads I,II,III
means ventricular in orgin |
|
|
Term
| Right axis deviation is indicative of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
90 dergrees to 180 degrees
down in lead I
up or down in lead II
Up in lead III |
|
|
Term
| pathologic left axis deviation indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathologic left axis deviation |
|
Definition
- 40 degrees to - 90 degrees
up in lead I
down in lead II,III |
|
|
Term
| physiologic left axis deviation |
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Definition
0 to -40 degrees
up in lead I, II
down in lead III |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0-90degrees
up in lead I II III |
|
|
Term
| how much ST depression indicates ischemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much ST elevation is considered infarction |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in a normal EKG what is the cardiac axis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what polarity are the precordial leads |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| limb leads look at what section of the heart |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 primary characteristics of cardiac cells |
|
Definition
automaticity
excitability
conductivity
contractility |
|
|
Term
| what electrolyte imbalance causes torsades |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CHF Pharmacology neumonic
LMNOP |
|
Definition
lasix
morphine
nitro
oxygen
pressors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how should BP be lowered in hypertensive crisis |
|
Definition
| MAP should not be lowered more than 20% in the first hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypertension with end organ failure
ie seizures, flash pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, MI, AMS |
|
|
Term
| target HR and BP in patients with dissecting aneurysm |
|
Definition
HR 60 -80
BP 100-120 systolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BUN
Creatinine
urinary output
electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| 3 main functions of renal system |
|
Definition
excretion
elimination
regulation |
|
|
Term
| gold standard for monitoring ICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
80% Brain
10% CSF
10% Blood volume |
|
|
Term
| deterioration of ____GCS is significant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Central perfusion pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are cardiac and respiratory centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the autonomic control center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is pneumotaxic center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensitivity has several false positives or false negatives? |
|
Definition
| will have many false positives |
|
|
Term
| Specificity will have several false positives or negatives? |
|
Definition
| will have several false negatives |
|
|
Term
| Body will decrease PCO2 about 1-1.5 mmHg for each __ mEq/L decrease in HCO3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PCO2 increases about __ - __ mmHg for every increase in 1 mEq/L of HCO3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process by which blood substance diffuse into renal tubule cells which then actively transport them into the urine in the lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Active or passive transport of filtrate substance back into the tubule cell and then back into the blood |
|
|
Term
| The kidneys influence pH by retaining of excreting _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients will OFTEN or NEVER overcompensate their acid-base balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hemoglobin bind with carbon monoxide ____ times more readily than with O2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient with a traumatic chest injury will be expected to be in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory acidosis from increased PCO2 due to respiratory difficulties. |
|
|
Term
| A decrease in potassium and ionized calcium will be present in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic metabolism leads to a build up in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cations and Anions used for anion gap? |
|
Definition
Cations: Na+ & K+
Anions: Cl- & HCO3- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High anion gap metabolic acidosis is defined as? |
|
Definition
| Low HCO3 which causes pH to decrease and creates a high anion gap. |
|
|
Term
| Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis? |
|
Definition
| ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, inborn errors in metabolism, renal failure (failure to excrete acids from body) |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of fluid with higher chloride and lower HCO3 from losing plasma through fluid shifts, GI losses, and/or burns causes metabolic acidosis or alkalosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of base required to titrate the pH of one liter of blood to normal pH |
|
|
Term
Base excress for:
Normal
Mild Shock
Moderate Shock
Severe Shock |
|
Definition
normal: +3 to -3 mmol/l
mild shock: -3 to -5 mmol/L
moderate shock: -6 to -9 mmol/L
severe shock: >-10 mmol/L |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures the partial pressure of oxygen disolved in blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SpO2 is read by? Where as SaO2 is read by a? |
|
Definition
SpO2 = pulse oximeter
SaO2 = CO oximeter |
|
|
Term
80 - 100 mmHg PaO2 = ____ SpO2
60 mmHg PaO2 = ____ SpO2
40 mmHg PaO2 = ____ SpO2 |
|
Definition
80 - 100 mmHg PaO2 = 95 - 100% SpO2
60 mmHg PaO2 = 90% SpO2
40 mmHg PaO2 = 75% SpO2 |
|
|
Term
| Room air ABG's can be evaluated by adding the PaO2 and the PaCO2, which should equal roughly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
White blood count
white blood cell differential
Red blood cell count
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
Platelet count |
|
|
Term
| White blood cell count includes? |
|
Definition
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Normal White blood cell value is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neutrophils:
Main function?
Comprise ___% of WBCs |
|
Definition
main function is to locate, ingest, and kill bacteria and other foreign invaders.
40-70% |
|
|
Term
Eosinophils:
increase value due to?
make up __%? |
|
Definition
Values will increase due to stress, trauma, and catecholamine dump
less than 1% |
|
|
Term
Basophils:
increase value due to?
make up __%? |
|
Definition
unknown diseases will increase
less than 1% |
|
|
Term
Monocytes:
main role?
can cause? |
|
Definition
primary role is phagocytosis.
Can cause pyrogenesis |
|
|
Term
Lymphocytes:
2 main mature cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B cells are produce and mature where? |
|
Definition
| produced in bone marrow and mature there |
|
|
Term
| T cells are produced and mature where? |
|
Definition
| Produced in bone marrow and mature in thymus |
|
|
Term
| RBC (eureyhtocytes) count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of elevated RBC count? |
|
Definition
| Polycythemia and high altitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes for elevated hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
| High altitude, polycythemia, COPD, CHF, and Burns |
|
|
Term
| Causes for low hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
| Anemia, severe hemorrhage, hemodilution, and renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Causes for elevated hematocrit? |
|
Definition
| Hypovolemia, dehydration, pulmonary embolism, diabetic acidosis, burns, polycythemia vera, and hemoconcentration (from blood loss) |
|
|
Term
| What does hemoglobin measure? |
|
Definition
| measures the globular oxygen carrying protein |
|
|
Term
| What does hematocrit measure? |
|
Definition
| Measures the volume of RBCs found in 100 ml of blood and expressred as a percentage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red cell indices:
What is it?
Normal range? |
|
Definition
mean corpuscular volume. Measures size of red blood cells.
78-100 um3 |
|
|
Term
Serum osmolality
what does it measure?
values? |
|
Definition
Checks the balance between the water and the chemicals dissolved in the blood. Can also find out if patient has ingested certain chemicals.
282 - 295 mOsm
Panic values: less than 240; greater than 321 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Warfarin (coumadin) values
liver disease
factors II, V, VII, and X deficiency
leukemias
CHF
fibrin degradation products
Vitamin K defeciency |
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|
