Term
| What are the two main components of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| The Central Nervous System (composed of the Brain and Spinal Cord), and the Peripheral Nervous System (with the efferent and afferent division) |
|
|
Term
| This division of the peripheral nervous system senses stimuli, and sends the impulses to the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This division of the peripheral nervous system sends impulses from the brain to the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This division of the Efferent division of the peripheral nervous system conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. |
|
Definition
| Somatic (voluntary) nervous system |
|
|
Term
| The Autonomic nervous system is composed of what two divisions? |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic division, and parasympathetic division. |
|
|
Term
| This part of the autonomic nervous system has cell bodies located in the spinal cord from T1 to L2, and is responsible for the fight or flight response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine. |
|
|
Term
| This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintenance, restorative, or "steady state" functions. Often referred to as the feed or breed response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The layers of the scalp are highly vascular, and can be remembered with the Mnemonic SCALP, which stands for: |
|
Definition
Skin
Cutaneous tissue
Adipose Tissue
Ligamentous Layer
Pericranium |
|
|
Term
| The skull is the bony structure that houses and protects the brains. It is composed of: |
|
Definition
| One Frontal Bone, Two Parietal bones, Two Temporal bones, One Occipital bone, One Ethmoid Bone, and One Sphenoid bone. |
|
|
Term
| This large opening at the base of the cranium allows for the connection of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PAD is a mnemonic used to remember the meninges layers. They are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This outermost meningeal layer is tough and leathery, and lies on the interior of the skull. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This spider web like layer is fibrous, and is the middle meningeal layer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This innermost meningeal layer lies directly against the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four main divisions of the brain? |
|
Definition
| Telencephalon (cerebrum), Diencephalon (Thalamus and Hypothalamus), Brainstem (Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata), Cerebellum. |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrum is divided into _____ hemispheres, that are connected by the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localize and interpret sensory inouts, control of voluntary and skilled skeltal muscles, intellectual, and emotional functions are all part of the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four main lobes of the brain? |
|
Definition
| Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital |
|
|
Term
| Personality, Behavior, Intellect, Short term memory, voluntary movement, motor speech are all controlled in the ____ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localization of sensory input on the body, primary sensory cortex, sensory integration, object recognition, and position are all functions of the _______ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emotion, Long term memory, auditory input, sensory speech are all functions of the _____ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Processing visual input is a function of the _____ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the brain receives incoming signals and relays them to the appropriate ares of the brain, and plays a key role in mediating sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, and memory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maintaining homeostasis, Autonomic control, temperature control, sleep and arousal patterns, regulation of thirst/hunger, and control of hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland are controlled in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticular Activating System, relays stimuli in voluntary motor movement, visual and auditory reflex centers, cranial nerves III and IV are part of the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor and sensory pathways to other parts of the brain, Pneomtaxic and apneustic ares, and cranial nerves V-VIII are parts of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac and vasomotor centers, chemo and baro receptors, respiratory control center vomiting center, and cranial nerves IX-XII are all parts of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contributes to the coordination, precision and timing, awareness of body position in space, are functions of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Plexus contains sensory and motor innervation to neck, ear, shoulder, and diaphragm, are housed in: |
|
Definition
| C1-C5 (C3-C5 phrenic nerve, keeps the diaphragm alive) |
|
|
Term
| Brachial Plexus innervates the arm, hand, scapula, anterior upper chest are housed in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbosacral Plexus innervates the leg, foot, lower abdomen, hip, genitalia, buttocks, and perineum, and is housed in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the setting of TBI, a single episode of hypoxia (SPO2 less than or equal to 90%) will increase mortality by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebral Perfusion Pressure is found using what formula? |
|
Definition
CPP = MAP - ICP
where MAP is mean arterial pressure, and ICP is intercranial pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoxemia, Hyperthermia, Hypercapnia, Vasodilators are _____ cerebral blood flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypocapnia, Hypothermia, Increased ICP, Barbiturates all _____ cerebral blood flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior cerebral artery occlusions result which symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Impairments of cognition, personality changes, contralateral hemiparesis, hemiplegia, bowel/bladder dysfunction, and lower extremities are more affected than upper |
|
|
Term
| Middle cerebral artery occlusions result in what symptoms: |
|
Definition
| Motor changes, primarily involving arms, hands, face, speech, and have great potential for airway compromise. |
|
|
Term
| Vertebro-basilar artery occlusions result in what symptoms: |
|
Definition
| Vertigo (hallmark symptom), dysarthria, dysphagia, facial pain/numbness, nausea, vertigo, severe HTN, extremity weakness/paralysis, and risk of airway compromise |
|
|
Term
| In the setting of TBI, a GCS of 14-15 indicates: |
|
Definition
| Mild TBI, can be transported to hospital ED |
|
|
Term
| In the setting of TBI, a GCS of 9-13 indicates: |
|
Definition
| Moderate TBI, must be transported to a level 1 trauma center |
|
|
Term
| In the setting of TBI, a GCS of 3-8 indicates: |
|
Definition
| Severe TBI, must be transported to a level 1 trauma center with severe TBI capabilities. |
|
|
Term
| The Monro-Kellie Doctrine establishes three main components within the cranial vault. What are they, and their proportions. |
|
Definition
| 80% Brain, 10% CSF, 10% Blood |
|
|
Term
| Hyperventilating a patient has what effects? |
|
Definition
| decreased CO2, which causes cerebral vasoconstriction, decreasing cerebral blood flow, and lowering intercranial pressure. |
|
|
Term
| This temporizing measure, is only clinically indicated in the presence of ongoing brainstem herniation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperventilation is titrated to ETCO2 reading of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Headache, Increasing irritability, decreasing level of consciousness, pupillary changes, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, cranial nerve deficits are indicative of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Usually a brief period of unconsciousness followed by a lucid interval and progressively decreasing LOC, Headache, pupillary changes, hemiparesis or hemiplegia are indicative of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden sever headache, often described as "worst of my life," localized progressing to generalized headache, nausea, vomiting are indicative of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which scan is considered the gold standard for diagnosing intercranial bleeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This retrospective diagnosis, is seen in _____, which has neurologic deficits lasting less than 24 hours, however, should be considered a stroke until proven otherwise. |
|
Definition
| TIA - transient ischemic attack |
|
|
Term
| Focal neurologic deficits lasting more than 24 hours, but resolving in 1-3 days are known as: |
|
Definition
| RIND - Reversible Ischemic, Neurologic Deficit |
|
|
Term
| An episode of hypotension in the first 48 hours after neurologic insult increases mortality by ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MAP, or Mean arterial pressure, is calculated by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A CPP of _____ is critical minimum in adults. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This injury is typically caused by hyperextension, results in weakness in all extremities, with greater motor loss in upper. Sometimes known as the cape injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of motor function, pain and temperature sensation below the lesion, propriopception, and typically caused by hyperflexion injuries result as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ipsilateral motor loss below the lesioan, contra lateral loss of pain and temperature, typically caused by rotational injuries, tumors, or penetrating trauma are: |
|
Definition
|
|
