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Flashcards avout Genectics
22
Biology
9th Grade
04/17/2013

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Term
Gene
Definition
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the "proteins coded directly by genes"

Gene

Term
Chromosome
Definition
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form...
Term
Allele
Definition
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Term
Gamete
Definition
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
Term
Gamete
Definition
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after
Term
Random Segregation
Definition
During meiosis, the two chromosomes of a pair are distributed randomly to the gametes, each gamete having an equal chance of receiving
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary
Term
Meiosis
Definition
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell
Term
Fertilization
Definition
1.The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
Term
Zygote
Definition
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
Term
Dominant
Definition
Most important, powerful, or influential: "they are now in an even more dominant position in the market
Term
Recessive
Definition
Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both...




Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both...
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci; "these two fruit flies are homozygous for red eye color".
Term
Autosomal Inheritance
Definition
The transmission of single-gene traits from generation to generation follows one of several basic patterns, depending on the location of...
Term
X-Linked Inheritance
Definition
A gene on the X chromosome passed through a family, resulting in a specific trait or disease to be seen more commonly in males than
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
The type of inheritance in which both heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes have the same phenotype..
Term
Codominance
Definition
Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype. A canonical...
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype. A canonical
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